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HPV Infection and Gynecological Cancers

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Preventive Oncology for the Gynecologist

Abstract

Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are sexually transmitted, double-stranded oncogenic DNA viruses. HPV infections account for approximately 5% of all malignancies worldwide. Almost all cervical carcinomas (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) and a significant proportion of other anogenital carcinomas (vulvovaginal, anal, penile carcinomas) and oropharyngeal carcinomas are attributed to HPV infections. The common high-risk types seen in preinvasive and invasive lesions of the cervix are HPV 16 and HPV 18. The other common HPV types are HPV 6 and HPV 11, which belong to the low-risk category and are associated with genital warts. Most HPV infections are cleared within 6–12 months by the cell-mediated host immune response. A small proportion of infections that persist can develop into preinvasive lesions, which have a risk of progression to malignancy. The cofactors for persistence and progression of infection are smoking, parity, hormonal influences, other infections like HIV, etc. E6 and E7 proteins inhibit p53 and RB tumor suppressor genes, respectively, and are responsible for viral oncogenicity in the high-risk HPV types. Primary prevention by vaccination and screening by cytology and HPV DNA testing are available.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dysplasia Clinic, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Vani Bharani, Rajesh Kumar & Bharti Bharani

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  1. Vani Bharani
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  2. Rajesh Kumar
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  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Babu Jagjivan Ram Memorial Hospital, New Delhi, India

    Sumita Mehta

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India

    Anshuja Singla

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Bharani, V., Kumar, R., Bharani, B. (2019). HPV Infection and Gynecological Cancers. In: Mehta, S., Singla, A. (eds) Preventive Oncology for the Gynecologist. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3438-2_32

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