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The Biology and Ecology of Leafhopper Transmission of Phytoplasmas

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Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - II

Abstract

Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) have long been known to transmit a number of plant pathogens, although the elucidation of the vector-host plant-pathogen relationships are far from well-defined and irrefutable. Due to their small size, the phloem-limited bacterial pathogens in the taxon ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ were only visualized some 50 years ago. They are difficult to culture, hence their relationships with both their insect vectors and host plants present an ongoing scientific struggle. Precise phylogenetic knowledge of the vector and bacteria may eventually allow the prediction of potential vector-phytoplasma associations. As leafhoppers are poikilothermic, abiotic factors figure strongly in the development of both the insect host and the bacteria within, which in turn affects pathogen transmission. As a group, their life cycle is varied from univoltine to multivoltine and monophagous to polyphagous, and their phytoplasma-associations are equally varied. Furthermore, adult leafhoppers are strong flying insects and some have been documented to move thousands of kilometers. When aided by human conveyance, both the vectors and the pathogens have been transported among continents. In this chapter all these interactions are explored.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, D.N. Negev, Israel

    Phyllis G. Weintraub

  2. Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA

    Valeria Trivellone

  3. Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    Valeria Trivellone

  4. Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

    Kerstin Krüger

Authors
  1. Phyllis G. Weintraub
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  2. Valeria Trivellone
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  3. Kerstin Krüger
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Correspondence to Phyllis G. Weintraub .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Assunta Bertaccini

  2. Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, D.N. Negev, Israel

    Phyllis G Weintraub

  3. Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Govind Pratap Rao

  4. Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Padova, Italy

    Nicola Mori

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Weintraub, P.G., Trivellone, V., Krüger, K. (2019). The Biology and Ecology of Leafhopper Transmission of Phytoplasmas. In: Bertaccini, A., Weintraub, P., Rao, G., Mori, N. (eds) Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - II. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2832-9_2

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