Abstract
The present-day power system is rapidly progressing in the fields of generation, transmission, and distribution of energy. Factors such as diverse and distributed nature of power consumption, increased use of the renewable energy that enables the consumer to also be an energy provider have exacerbated the complexity of the power grid. A glitch or a failure in one part of this complex network, unless espied and curtailed, can translate into a major power outage. This requirement has led to the inception of the smart grid. A smart grid consists of several intelligent sensors with advanced communication capabilities that collect, communicate, and monitor the real-time information pertaining to the grid dynamics. Apart from fault detection and outage prevention, there are several other applications of the smart grid such as electric substation automation, distributed energy resource management, automatic metering infrastructure (AMI), electrical vehicles (EVs), home automation. These applications require efficient communication technologies for transfer of information. This chapter presents a comprehensive description of the various smart grid communication systems and standards from the perspective of their application in smart grid. The future technologies and the challenges they pose are also discussed for the benefit of the research groups working on smart grid communications.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
W. Wang, Y. Xu, M. Khanna, A survey on the communication architectures in smart grid. Comput. Netw. 55(15), 3604–3629 (2011)
M. Kuzlu, M. Pipattanasomporn, S. Rahman, Communication network requirements for major smart grid applications in HAN, NAN and WAN. Comput. Netw. 67, 74–88 (2014)
M. Adamiak, D. Baigent, R. Mackiewicz, in IEC 61850 Communication Networks and Systems in Substations (2010)
IEC, IEC61850-1, in Communication Network and Systems in Substations-Part 1: Introduction and Overview (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC61850-2, in Communication Network and Systems in Substations-Part 2: Glossary (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 61850-3, in Communication Network and Systems in Substations-Part 3: General Requirements (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 61850-4, in Communication Network and Systems in Substations-Part 4: System and Project Management (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 61850-5, in Communication Networks and Systems in Substation-Part 5: Communication Requirement for Functions and Device Models (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 61850-7-1, in Communication Networks and Systems in Substation-Part 7-1: Basic Communication Structure for Substation and Feeder Equipment-Principles and Models (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 61850-7-2, in Communication Networks and Systems in Substation Part 7-2: Basic Communication Structure for Substation and Feeder Equipment-Abstract Communication Service Interface (ACSI) (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 61850-7-3, in Communication Networks and Systems in Substation Part 7-3: Basic Communication Structure for Substation and Feeder Equipment-Common Data Classes (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 61850-7-4, in Communication Networks and Systems in Substation Part 7-4: Basic Communication Structure for Substation and Feeder Equipment-Compatible Logical Node Classes and Data Classes (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 61850-8-1, in Communication Networks and Systems in Substation—Part 8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM)-Mapping to MMS (ISO/IEC 9506-1 and ISO/IEC 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3 (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 61850-9-1, in Communication Networks and Systems in Substation—Part 9-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM)-Sampled Values Over Serial Unidirectional Multidrop Point to Point Link (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 61850-9-2, in Communication Networks and Systems in Substation—Part 9-2: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM)-Sampled Values Over ISO/IEC 8802-3 (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-1, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems–Part 5-1: Transmission Protocols - Transmission Frame Formats (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1990)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-2, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems–Part 5-2: Transmission Protocols—Data Link Transmission Services (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1992)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-3, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems–Part 5-3: Transmission Protocols—General Structure of Application Data (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1992)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-4, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems–Part 5-4: Transmission Protocols—Definition and Coding of Information Elements (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1993)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-5, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems–Part 5-5: Transmission Protocols—Basic Application Functions (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1995)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-6, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems–Part 5-6: Guidelines for Conformance Testing for the IEC 60870-5 Companion Standards (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2006)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-7, in Telecontrol equipment and systems—Part 5-7: Transmission protocols—Security extensions to IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104 protocols (applying IEC 62351) (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2013)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-101, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems–Part 5-101: Transmission Protocols—Companion Standard for Basic Telecontrol Tasks (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1995)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-102, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems–Part 5-102: Companion Standard for the Transmission of Integrated Totals in Electric Power Systems (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1996)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-103, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems–Part 5-103: Transmission Protocols—Companion Standard for the Informative Interface of Protection Equipment (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1997)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-104, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems–Part 5-104: Transmission Protocols—Network Access for IEC 60870-5-101 Using Standard Transport Profiles (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2006)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-601, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 5-601: Transmission Protocols—Conformance Test Cases for the IEC 60870-5-101 Companion Standard (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2015)
IEC, IEC 60870-5-604, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 5-604: Conformance Test Cases for the IEC 60870-5-104 Companion Standard (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2016)
IEC, IEC TR 60870-6-1, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 6: Telecontrol Protocols Compatible with ISO Standards and ITU-T Recommendations—Section 1: Application Context and Organization of Standards (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1995)
IEC, IEC 60870-6-2, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 6: Telecontrol Protocols Compatible with ISO Standards and ITU-T Recommendations—Section 2: Use of Basic Standards (OSI layers 1–4) (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1995)
IEC, IEC 60870-6-501, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 6: Telecontrol Protocols Compatible with ISO Standards and ITU-T Recommendations—Section 501: TASE.1 Service Definitions (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1995)
IEC, IEC 60870-6-502, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 6: Telecontrol Protocols Compatible with ISO Standards and ITU-T Recommendations—Section 502: TASE.1 Protocol Definitions (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1995)
IEC, IEC 60870-6-503, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 6-503: Telecontrol Protocols Compatible with ISO Standards and ITU-T Recommendations—TASE.2 Services and Protocol (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2014)
IEC, IEC 60870-6-504, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 6-504: Telecontrol Protocols Compatible with ISO Standards and ITU-T Recommendations—TASE.1 User Conventions (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1998)
IEC, IEC 60870-6-505, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 6-505: Telecontrol Protocols Compatible with ISO Standards and ITU-T Recommendations—TASE.2 User Guide (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2002)
IEC, IEC 60870-6-601, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 6: Telecontrol Protocol’s Compatible with ISO Standards and ITU-T Recommendations—Section 601: Functional Profile for Providing the Connection-Oriented Transport Service in an End System Connected via Permanent Access to a Packet Switched Data Network (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1994)
IEC, IEC 60870-6-602, in Telecontrol equipment and systems—Part 6-602: Telecontrol Protocols Compatible with ISO Standards and ITU-T Recommendations—TASE Transport Profiles (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2001)
IEC, IEC 60870-6-701, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 6-701: Telecontrol Protocols Compatible with ISO Standards and ITU-T Recommendations—Functional Profile for Providing the TASE.1 Application Service in End Systems (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1998)
IEC, IEC 60870-6-702, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 6-702: Telecontrol Protocols Compatible with ISO Standards and ITU-T Recommendations—Functional Profile for Providing the TASE.2 Application Service in End Systems (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2014)
IEC, IEC 60870-6-802, in Telecontrol Equipment and Systems—Part 6-802: Telecontrol Protocols Compatible with ISO Standards and ITU-T Recommendations—TASE.2 Object Models (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2014)
IEC, IEC 60834-1, in Teleprotection Equipment of Power Systems—Performance and Testing—Part 1: Command Systems (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1999)
IEC, IEC 60834-2, in Teleprotection Equipment of Power Systems—Performance and Testing—Part 2: Analogue Comparison System (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1993)
IEC, IEC 61970-1, in Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API)—Part 1: Guidelines and General Requirements (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2005)
IEC, IEC TS 61970-2, in Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API)—Part 2: Glossary (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2004)
IEC, IEC 61970-301, in Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API), Part 301: Common Information Model (CIM) Base (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2016)
IEC, IEC 61970-302, in Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMSAPI), Part 302: Common Information Model (CIM) Financial, Energy Scheduling and Reservations (International Electrotechnical Commission, 1999)
IEC, IEC TS 61970-401, in Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API), Part 401: Component Interface Specification (CIS) Framework (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2005)
IEC, IEC TS 61970-402, in Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API), Part 402: Component Interface Specification (CIS)—Common Services (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2009)
IEC, IEC TS 61970-402, in Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API), Part 403: Component Interface Specification (CIS)—Generic Data Access (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2009)
IEC, IEC 61970-404, in Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API), Part 404: High Speed Data Access (HSDA) (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2007)
IEC, IEC 61970-407, in Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API), Part 407: Time Series Data Access (TSDA) (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2007)
IEC, IEC 61970-453, in Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API)—Part 453: Diagram Layout Profile (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2014)
IEC, IEC 61970-501, in Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS-API)—Part 501: Common Information Model Resource Description Framework (CIM RDF) Schema (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2006)
IEC, IEC 61968-1, in Application Integration at Electric Ultilities-System Interfaces for Distribution Management-Part 1: Introduction and General Requirements (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 61968-2, in Application Integration at Electric Ultilities-System Interfaces for Distribution Management-Part 2: Glossary (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003)
IEC, IEC 61968-3, in Application Integration at Electric Ultilities-System Interfaces for Distribution Management-Part 3: Interface for Network Operations (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2004)
IEC, IEC 61968-4, in Application Integration at Electric Ultilities-System Interfaces for Distribution Management-Part 4: Interfaces for Records and Asset Management (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2007)
IEC, IEC 61968-6, in Application Integration at Electric Utilities—System Interfaces for Distribution Management—Part 6: Interfaces for Maintenance and Construction (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2015)
IEC, IEC 61968-8, in Application Integration at Electric Utilities—System Interfaces for Distribution Management—Part 8: Interfaces for Customer Operations (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2015)
IEC, IEC61968-9, in Application Integration at Electric Ultilities-System Interfaces for Distribution Management-Part 9: Interface Standard for Meter Reading and Control (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2008)
IEC, IEC61968-11, in Application Integration at Electric Ultilities-System Interfaces for Distribution Management-Part 11: Common Information Model (CIM) Extensions for Distribution (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2008)
IEC, IEC61968-13, in Application Integration at Electric Ultilities-System Interfaces for Distribution Management-Part 13: Common Information Model (CIM) RDF Model Exchange Format for Distribution (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2008)
IEC, IEC 62351-1, in Power Systems Management and Associated Information Exchange—Data and Communications Security—Part 1: Introduction to the Security Issues (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2007)
IEC, IEC 62351-2, in Power Systems Management and Associated Information Exchange—Data and Communications Security—Part 2: Glossary of Terms (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2008)
IEC, IEC 62351-3, in Power Systems Management and Associated Information Exchange—Data and Communications Security—Part 3: Security for Any Profiles Including TCP/IP (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2007)
IEC, IEC 62351-4, in Power Systems Management and Associated Information Exchange—Data and Communications Security—Part 4: Security for Any Profiles Including MMS (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2007)
IEC, IEC 62351-5, in Power Systems Management and Associated Information Exchange—Data and Communications Security—Part 5: Security for IEC 60870-5 and Derivatives (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2009)
IEC, IEC 62351-6, in Power Systems Management and Associated Information Exchange—Data and Communications Security-Part 6: Security for IEC 61850 Profiles (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2007)
IEC, IEC 62351-7, in Power Systems Management and Associated Information Exchange—Data and Communications Security, Part 7: Network and System Management (NSM) Data Object Models (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2010)
IEC, IEC 62351-8, in Power Systems Management and Associated Information Exchange—Data and Communications Security—Part 8: Role-Based Access Control (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2011)
IEC, IEC 62351-9, in Power Systems Management and Associated Information Exchange—Data and Communications Security—Part 9: Cyber Security Key Management for Power System Equipment (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2017)
IEC, IEC TR 62351-10, in Power Systems Management and Associated Information Exchange—Data and Communications Security—Part 10: Security Architecture Guidelines (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2017)
SAE International. http://www.standards.sae.org/. Accessed 15 Sept 2017
T. Sato, D.M. Kammen, B. Duan, M. Macuha, Z. Zhou, J. Wu, S.A. Asfaw, in Smart Grid Standards: Specifications, Requirements, and Technologies (Wiley, 2015)
IEEE Std C37.118.2-2011, in IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2011)
IEEE Std 1815-2012, in IEEE Standard for Electric Power Systems Communications-Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3)—Redline (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2012)
IEC https://www.webstore.iec.ch/. Accessed 15 Sept 2017
NEMA http://www.nema.org/stds/. Accessed 15 Sept 2017
V.C. Gungor, D. Sahin, T. Kocak, S. Ergut, C. Buccella, C. Cecati, G.P. Hancke, Smart grid technologies: communication technologies and standards. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. 7(4), 529–539 (2011)
L.T. Berger, A. Schwager, J.J. Escudero-Garzás, Power line communications for smart grid applications. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 2013, 3 (2013)
S. Galli, A. Scaglione, Z. Wang, Power Line communications and the smart grid, in First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (Gaithersburg, MD, 2010), pp. 303–308
M.F. Baba, Smart grid with ADSL connection for solving peak blackouts in West Bank, in First International Conference on Renewable Energies and Vehicular Technology (Hammamet, 2012), pp. 270–273
N. Andreadou, M.O. Guardiola, G. Fulli, Telecommunication technologies for smart grid projects with focus on smart metering applications. Energies 9(5), 375 (2016)
M. Li, L. Zhang, Y. Wu, H. Chi, Comprehensive assessment of optical network in power grid, in 15th IEEE International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) (2016), pp. 1–3
B. Appasani, D.K. Mohanta, Co-optimal placement of PMUs and their communication infrastructure for minimization of propagation delay in WAMS, in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics (2018)
V.C. Gungor, F.C. Lambert, A survey on communication networks for electric system automation. Comput. Netw. 50(7), 877–897 (2006)
B. Appasani, D.K. Mohanta, Optimal placement of synchrophasor sensors for risk hedging in a smart grid. IEEE Sens. J. 17(23), 7857–7865 (2017)
C. Gezer, C. Buratti, A ZigBee smart energy implementation for energy efficient buildings, in IEEE 73rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring) (2011), pp. 1–5
A.Y. Mulla, J.J. Baviskar, F.S. Kazi, S.R. Wagh, Implementation of ZigBee/802.15.4 in smart grid communication and analysis of power consumption: a case study, in Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON) (2014), pp. 1–7
R. Ma, H.H. Chen, Y.R. Huang, W. Meng, Smart grid communication: its challenges and opportunities. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 4(1), 36–46 (2013)
Y. Saleem, N. Crespi, M.H. Rehmani, R. Copeland, Internet of things-aided smart grid: technologies, architectures, applications, prototypes, and future research directions. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.08977 (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Appasani, B., Maddikara, J.B.R., Mohanta, D.K. (2019). Standards and Communication Systems in Smart Grid. In: Kabalci, E., Kabalci, Y. (eds) Smart Grids and Their Communication Systems. Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1768-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1768-2_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-1767-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-1768-2
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)