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Spatial and Temporal Distribution Patterns of Mafic Dyke Swarms in Central Asia: Results from Remote-Sensing Interpretation and Regional Geology

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Dyke Swarms of the World: A Modern Perspective

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Abstract

Mafic dykes in continents are a special type of intrusive rock formed by different tectonic events including earlier fracturing deformation in host rocks and successive magma intrusions originating at depth. Dyke swarms indicate regional crustal deformation related to continental formation and evolution, and play the role of messenger regarding magma activities from the deeper crust or even mantle. The large number of mafic dykes in Central Asia hold the keys to resolve some debated tectonic problems such as subduction-accretion-collision processes during the formation of Central Asia (the western part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt). However, spatial-temporal distribution patterns of mafic dykes in this vast area have not been comprehensively described and discussed to date. This study carried out a fundamental work on the spatial-temporal distribution patterns of dykes in Central Asia, and is intended to provide basic preparation for more in-depth studies in the future. In Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (bands 7, 4, and 2) images, major mafic dykes (greater than 5 m wide) displayed as dark-colored linear objects against their host rocks, and can be distinguished and plotted one-by-one and further analyzed using Geographic Information System software. The results indicate that more than 99% of the mafic dykes were emplaced in the Eastern Tianshan and Beishan, Western Mongolian-Altai, Eastern Junggar, North and West bank of Balkhash, Western Junggar, and Chingis-Taerbahatai. Most dykes formed during the Late Paleozoic, and the occurrence of these dykes is a result of various regional fracturing processes along different tectonic boundaries as well as immense magmatic intrusions (related to subduction, post-collisional processes, or large igneous provinces/giant mantle plumes). Other much older dykes were emplaced in the marginal areas of cratons, such as the Neoproterozoic dykes that intruded into the metamorphosed basement of the Tarim Craton (Aksu blueschist complex) and dykes emplaced in the Kuruktag area, which record the break-off history of the cratons. This study provides a general framework of mafic dykes in Central Asia on a large scale, and more intensive studies of mafic dykes at medium to small scales in different areas need a combined application of different observation methods, which will provide a better understanding of the continental evolution of Central Asia.

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Acknowledgements

This study was co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project number 41502201) and the “Western Light” project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (project number XBBS201301). We are grateful to Prof. Rajesh Srivastava and Prof. Peng for their thoughtful arrangements. We also thank two reviewers for constructive comments which led to major improvements in the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral and Geology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011, Urumqi, China

    Qianwen Feng & Kefa Zhou

  2. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 100037, Beijing, China

    Qianwen Feng, Jinyi Li, Jianfeng Liu & Kefa Zhou

  3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Digital Geology, 830011, Urumqi, China

    Qianwen Feng & Kefa Zhou

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Correspondence to Jinyi Li .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Rajesh K. Srivastava

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Richard E. Ernst

  3. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Peng Peng

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Feng, Q., Li, J., Liu, J., Zhou, K. (2019). Spatial and Temporal Distribution Patterns of Mafic Dyke Swarms in Central Asia: Results from Remote-Sensing Interpretation and Regional Geology. In: Srivastava, R., Ernst, R., Peng, P. (eds) Dyke Swarms of the World: A Modern Perspective. Springer Geology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1666-1_8

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