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The Mesozoic Equatorial Atlantic Magmatic Province (EQUAMP)

A New Large Igneous Province in South America

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Dyke Swarms of the World: A Modern Perspective

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Abstract

Mafic dike swarms and sills intruding, respectively, the Precambrian Borborema and Paleozoic Parnaíba provinces (NE Brazil) constitute two major magmatic events related to the continental break-up that formed the Equatorial Atlantic. Available whole rock K–Ar determinations and a few plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar ages suggest that these events occurred approximately between 135 and 120 Ma. Airborne magnetic data indicates that the main dike swarm, the Rio Ceará-Mirim swarm, can be traced for about 1,000 km along an arcuate trajectory between the Cretaceous Potiguar rift near the Atlantic coastline, and the northern margin of the São Francisco craton. The dikes of the such a giant swarm form isolated (often en-echelon) segments that can reach up to 40 km in length and have a mean width of about 70 m. The sills, known as Sardinha magmatism, are intercalated between the Paleozoic sedimentary strata of the Parnaíba basin having major expression in subsurface rather than on surface. Geochemical data indicate that the parental tholeiitic magmas of dikes and sills would largely derive from melting of subcontinental lithospheric sources. However, a subordinate OIB-type component identified in some dikes would indicate contribution of a mantle plume as a melt source. In this paper we propose that the Sardinha and Rio Ceará-Mirim magmatic products, which are found over an area of about 700,000 km2, all together represent a newly recognized Cretaceous LIP in South America here named Equatorial Atlantic Magmatic Province (EQUAMP).

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Acknowledgements

The authors Maria Helena B. M. Hollanda, Carlos J. Archanjo and David L. de Castro thanks to the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq) for grants 304979/2016-3, 305824/2014-7 and 303015/2013-6, respectively. Antomat A. Macedo, Alanny C. C. Melo and Alisson L. Oliveira thanks to FAPESP and CAPES, respectively, for their PhD scholarships. REE was partially supported from Mega-Grant 14.Y26.31.0012 of the government of the Russian Federation. The authors are grateful to the referees (Dr. David Peate and Dr. Elson Oliveira) for the comments and corrections that helped to improve the final version of the manuscript. This paper is the first scientific contribution funded by FAPESP 2017/08423-9.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508–080, Brazil

    M. H. B. M. Hollanda, C. J. Archanjo, A. A. Macedo Filho & A. L. Oliveira

  2. Museum of Natural History, University of Bergen, N-50, Bergen, Norway

    H. Fossen

  3. Department of Earth Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada

    R. E. Ernst

  4. Department of Geology and Geography, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave, Tomsk, 634050, Russia

    R. E. Ernst

  5. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geodinâmica e Geofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 58078–970, Brazil

    D. L. de Castro & A. C. Melo

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  1. M. H. B. M. Hollanda
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Correspondence to M. H. B. M. Hollanda .

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  1. Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Rajesh K. Srivastava

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Richard E. Ernst

  3. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Peng Peng

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Hollanda, M.H.B.M. et al. (2019). The Mesozoic Equatorial Atlantic Magmatic Province (EQUAMP). In: Srivastava, R., Ernst, R., Peng, P. (eds) Dyke Swarms of the World: A Modern Perspective. Springer Geology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1666-1_3

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