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Microalgae: An Untapped Resource for Natural Antimicrobials

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The Role of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Numerous biochemical compounds are synthesized by algae in a wide variety of ecosystems. To date, more than 18,000 new bioactive compounds have been isolated from marine algae; most are still uncharacterized. Therefore, the identification of novel prospective antimicrobials from microalgae presents a unique opportunity. A number of investigations have explored the therapeutic potential of algal extracts and extracellular compounds from a wide range of microalgae; they have confirmed antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-plasmodial activity. Chemical groups such as phenols, fatty acids, indoles, terpenes, acetogenins, and some volatile halogenated hydrocarbons derived from microalgae have shown antimicrobial activity. For example, supercritical extracts of the microalgal Chaetoceros muelleri have shown antimicrobial activity due to its lipid composition. Many algal species are also effective against a range of bacteria. For example, Pithophora oedogonium targets Salmonella and Staphylococcus spp. The algae Rivularia bullata, Nostoc spongiaeforme, Codium fragile, Colpomenia peregrina Sauvageau, Cystoseira barbata, and Zanardiniatypus are active against many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Multidrug-resistant bacteria pose an increasing challenge to global health, with the future efficacy of antimicrobial drugs being uncertain. Most antimicrobial agents that are successfully used in clinical practice have drawbacks such as toxicity, lack of efficacy, and high costs; furthermore, their frequent use can result in the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria. Therefore, the development of alternative biodegradable compounds from natural sources with limited side effects is urgently needed. To date, the commercial applications of microalgae-derived compounds has not received as much attention as the fields of antibiotics production, pharmaceuticals, and supplementary biologically active compounds. However, microalgae are destined to become an important raw material for the efficient production of amino acids, vitamins, and other pharmaceuticals. The cultivation of microalgae may provide detailed insights on their practical applications and biotechnological characteristics, which may help researchers develop compounds of interest for their biomedical potential.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Jayanti Jena

  2. Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Enketeswara Subudhi

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  1. Jayanti Jena
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  2. Enketeswara Subudhi
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Correspondence to Enketeswara Subudhi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biofuels and Bioprocessing Research Center, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Lala Behari Sukla

  2. Biomics & Biodiversity Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Enketeswara Subudhi

  3. Biofuels and Bioprocessing Research Center, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Debabrata Pradhan

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Jena, J., Subudhi, E. (2019). Microalgae: An Untapped Resource for Natural Antimicrobials. In: Sukla, L., Subudhi, E., Pradhan, D. (eds) The Role of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1586-2_8

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