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The Analysis of Event-Related Potentials

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Computational EEG Analysis

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

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Abstract

In this chapter, we provide an introduction to the major methods used for the analysis and classification of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs). We start by considering the problem of estimating ERP ensemble averages in the time domain. An estimator allowing for weights and time shifts for each trial is discussed. Then we consider spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal multivariate filters for improving the estimation, including principal component analysis, the common spatial pattern and blind source separation. Then, we review time-frequency analysis methods. The reader is provided with definitions in order to understand the most commonly used linear and non-linear measures used in the time-frequency domain. We continue with a brief discussion on the importance of the analysis in the spatial domain, including topographic maps and tomographies. Next, we review procedures for applying inferential statistics to ERP studies. Emphasis is given to procedures based on permutation tests, which account for the multiple comparison problem and adapt to the form and degree of correlation between hypotheses. Finally, we consider the problem of classifying ERP single-trials, pointing to recent literature covering the most promising methods currently available, namely, Riemannian geometry, random forests and neural networks.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The time of the day is also a circular quantity and provides a good example. The appropriate average of 22 h and 1 h is 23 h 30, but this is very far from their arithmetic mean. See also Cohen [14, pp. 214–246].

  2. 2.

    The global field power is defined for each time sample as the sum of the squares of the potential difference at all electrodes. It is very useful in ERP analysis to visualize ERP peaks regardless their spatial distribution [52].

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  1. GIPSA-Lab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble-INP, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

    Marco Congedo

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Chang-Hwan Im

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Congedo, M. (2018). The Analysis of Event-Related Potentials. In: Im, CH. (eds) Computational EEG Analysis. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0908-3_4

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