Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disorder with a relatively high prevalence in children in developed countries. In this study, we (1) explored the immunomodulatory and (2) compared the anti-allergic effects of Vernodalin isolated from Vernonia amygdalina (VAM) leaf and VAM leaf extracts in NC/Nga mice. In the first experiment, AD-like disease was induced using 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB); the hapten was applied on mice rostral and ear’s dorsal areas after disrupting skin barrier with the use of SDS solution. After AD induction, 36 NC/Nga mice that developed moderate to severe skin lesions were divided into 6 pretreatment groups of 6 animals: 1 μg/mL Vernodalin, 10 μg/mL Vernodalin, 100 μg/mL Vernodalin, 1,000 μg/mL VAM extracts, 1,000 μg/mL VAM extracts, and PBS-treated vehicle group. Skin samples were collected after 14 days of treatment; immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR assays were performed to determine changes in filaggrin (FLG) production and FLGmRNA and IL-33mRNA expressions, respectively. In the second experiment, 18 NC/Nga mice with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract (DPE)-induced AD-like disease were divided into 3 treatment groups to test the curative effects of the experimental agents: 100 μg/mL Vernodalin, 10 μg/mL VAM extracts, and PBS-treated vehicle group as control.
Pretreatment with VAM extracts and Vernodalin caused an increase in FLGmRNA expression levels and a reduction of IL-33mRNA expression in mice (vs. control group). Furthermore, Vernodalin and VAM extracts significantly reduced the dermatitis score (vs. control) in regard to ear skin lesions. Findings from this study confirm the anti-allergic effects of VAM-derived bioactive compound, Vernodalin, and the plant extracts.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- ACD:
-
Allergic contact dermatitis
- AD:
-
Atopic dermatitis
- DPE:
-
Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts
- FLG:
-
Filaggrin
- HPRT:
-
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
- IL:
-
Interleukin
- mRNA:
-
Messenger ribonucleic acid
- qRT-PCR:
-
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- VAM:
-
Vernonia amygdalina
References
Brown SJ, McLean WH. One remarkable molecule: filaggrin. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132:751–62.
Cayrol C, Girard JP. The IL-1-like cytokine IL-33 is inactivated after maturation by caspase-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2009;106:9021–6.
Cevikbas F, Steinhoff M. IL-33: a novel danger signal system in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132(5):1326–9.
Cheng YM, Wu MF, Wang J, et al. Human papillomavirus 16/18 E6 oncoprotein is expressed in lung cancer and related with p53 inactivation. Cancer Res. 2007;15:10686–93.
Funakoshi-Tago M, Tago K, Sato Y, et al. JAK2 is an important signal transducer in IL-33-induced NF-kappaB activation. Cell Signal. 2011;23:363–70.
Ghadially R, Halker-Sorensen L, Elias PM. Effects of petrolatum on stratum corneum structure and function. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;26(3):387–96.
Imai Y, Yasuda K, Sakaguchi Y, et al. Skin-specific expression of IL-33 activates group 2 innate lymphoid and elicits atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013;110(34):13921–6.
Ivanov VN, Zhou H, Ghandhi SA, et al. Radiation-induced bystander signaling pathways in human fibroblasts: a role for interleukin-33 in the signal transmission. Cell Signal. 2010;22:1076–87.
Izevbigie EB, Bryant JL, Walker A. A novel natural inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and human breast cancer cell growth. Exp Biol. 2004;229:163–9.
Lodén M. The skin barrier and use of moisturizers in atopic dermatitis. Clin Dermatol. 2003;21(2):145–57.
Looi CY, Arya A, Cheah FK, et al. Induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells via caspase pathway by Vernodalin isolated from Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) seeds. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56643.
Margolis DJ, Apter AJ, Gupta J, et al. The persistence of atopic dermatitis and Filaggrin mutations in a US longitudinal cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(4):912–7.
Meephansan J, Tsuda H, Komine M, Tominaga S, Ohtsuki M. Regulation of IL-33 expression by IFN-g and tumor necrosis factor-a in normal human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132:2593–600.
Nakajima K, Kanda T, Takaishi M, Shiga T, Miyoshi K, Nakajima H, et al. Distinct roles of IL-23 and IL-17 in the development of psoriasis-like lesions in a mouse model. J Immunol. 2011;186:448–4489.
Ngatu NR, Okajima MK, Yokogawa M, et al. Anti-allergic effects of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts in hapten-induced atopic dermatitis-like disease in mice. Allergol Int. 2012;61(4):597–607.
Ngatu NR, Motoyama K, Nishimura Y, et al. Anti-allergic and profilaggrin (proFLG)-mRNA expression modulatory effects of sacran. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017;105(Pt2):1532–8.
Oboh FOJ, Masodje HI. Nutritional and antimicrobial activities of Vernonia amygdalina leaves. Int J Biomed Health Sci. 2009;5(2):51–6.
Okigbo RN, Mmeka EC. Antimicrobial effects of three tropical plant extracts on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2008;5(3):226–9.
Olorunfemi EA, Igboasoiyi A, Chinenye I, et al. Effects of leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina on the pharmacokinetics of dihydroartemisinin in rats. Pharmacologia. 2012;3(12):713–8.
Smith FJ, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, et al. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding Filaggrin cause ichthyosis vulgaris. Nat Genet. 2006;38(3):337–42.
Szczepanowska J, Reich A, Szepietowski JC. Emollients improve treatment results with topical corticosteroids in childhood atopic dermatitis: a randomized comparative study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2008;19(7):614–8.
Yamamoto M, Haruna T, Ueda C, et al. Contribution of itch-associated scratch behavior to the development of skin lesions in dermatophagoides farina-induced dermatitis model in NC/Nga mice. Arch Dermatol Res. 2009;301:739–46.
Yokozeki H, Wu MH, Sumi K, et al. Th2 cytokines, IgE and mast cells play a crucial role in the induction of para-phenylenediamine-induced contact hypersensitivity in mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003;132:385–92.
Yun MY, Yang JH, Kim DK, et al. Therapeutic effects of Baicalein on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions of NC/Nga mice induced by dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010;10(9):1142–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hirota, R., Ngatu, N.R. (2018). Experimental Anti-Allergic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Vernonia amygdalina-Derived Biomaterials, Vernodalin and Its Leaf Extracts. In: Ngatu, N., Ikeda, M. (eds) Occupational and Environmental Skin Disorders. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8758-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8758-5_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-8757-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-8758-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)