Abstract
Understanding the climate change is the main theme in this paper by reviewing the existing literature available so far. A detailed discussion has been highlighted on the causes like greenhouse effect, human activity and solar irradiance. The evidences such as change in sea level rise in global temperature, warming oceans, shrinking ice sheets, declining Arctic sea ice, glacial retreat, extreme events, ocean acidification and decreased snow cover have been discussed at great length. The consequences are rise in temperature, increase in frost-free season, change in precipitation pattern, more droughts and heat waves, and intense hurricanes. The mitigation, adaptation and the need of climate change research is also an important aspect in this review.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gibbs, M.T.: Pitfalls in coastal climate adaptation responses. Clim. Risk Manage. 8, 1–8 (2015)
Yiran, G.A.B., Stringer, L.C.: Spatio-temporal analyses of impacts of multiple climatic hazards in a savannah ecosystem of Ghana. Clim. Risk Manage. 14, 11–26 (2016)
Razavi, T., et al.: Regional climate change trends and uncertainty analysis using extreme indices: a case study of Hamilton, Canada. Clim. Risk Manage. 13, 43–63 (2016)
Lehmann, J., et al.: Increased record-breaking precipitation events under global warming. Clim. Change 132, 501–515 (2015)
Hardy, D.: Global sea-level rise: weighing country responsibility and risk. Clim. Change 137, 333–345 (2016)
Yang, X., et al.: The impacts of increased heat stress events on wheat yield under climate change in China. Clim. Change 140, 605–620 (2017)
Butcher, J.B., et al.: Rapid response of modern day ice sheets to external forcing. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 257, 1–13 (2007)
Williams, A., et al.: Quantifying the response of cotton production in eastern Australia to climate change. Clim. Change 129, 183–196 (2015)
Jorgenson, M.T.: Projected changes in diverse ecosystems from climate warming and biophysical drivers in northwest Alaska. Clim. Change 130, 131–144 (2015)
Wang, X., et al.: Increasing frequency of extreme fire weather in Canada with climate change. Clim. Change 130, 573–586 (2015)
Obradovich, N., Fowler, J.H.: Climate change may alter human physical activity patterns. Nat. Hum. Behav. 1(5), 0097 (2017)
Shimizu-Kimura, Y., et al.: The relationship between climate change and the endangered rainforest shrub Triunia robusta (Proteaceae) endemic to southeast Queensland, Australia, 1–10. Sci. Rep. 7, 46399 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1038/srep46399, http://www.nature.com/scientificreports/
Wang, G.: Identification of the driving forces of climate change using the longest instrumental temperature record, 1–7. Sci. Rep. 7, 46091 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1038/srep46091, http://www.nature.com/scientificreports/
Vincze, M., et al.: Temperature fluctuations in a changing climate: an ensemble based experimental approach, 1–9. Sci. Rep. 7, 254 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00319-0, http://www.nature.com/scientificreports/
Bobojonov, I., et al.: Income and irrigation water use efficiency under climate change: an application of spatial stochastic crop and water allocation model to Western Uzbekistan. Clim. Risk Manage. 13, 19–30 (2016)
Ranson, M., et al.: Tropical and extratropical cyclone damages under climate change. Clim. Change 127, 227–241 (2014)
Turunen, M.T., et al.: Coping with difficult weather and snow conditions: reindeer herders’ views on climate change impacts and coping strategies, Clim. Risk. Manage. 11, 15–36 (2016)
Shrestha, S., et al.: Assessment of risks due to climate change for the upper Tamakoshi hydropower project in Nepal. Clim. Risk Manage. 14, 27–41 (2016)
Lyth, A., Holbrook, N.J.: Assessing an indirect health implication of a changing climate: Ross river virus in a temperate island state. Clim. Risk Manage. 16 (2015)
Ouzeau, G., et al.: Heat waves analysis over France in present and future climate: application of a new method on the EURO-CORDEX ensemble. Clim. Serv. 4, 1–12 (2016)
Anderson, C.J., Kyveryga, P.M.: Combining on-farm and climate data for risk management of nitrogen decisions. Clim. Risk Manage. 14, 1–42 (2016)
Pedlar, J.H., Mckenney, D.W.: Assessing the anticipated growth response of northern conifer populations to a warming climate. Sci. Rep. 7 (2017)
Russo, T.A.: Depletion and response of deep groundwater to climate-induced pumping variability. Nat. Geo Sci. 10, 105–108 (2017)
Zhao, C.: Plausible rice yield losses under future climate warming. Nat. Plants 3(1), 16202 (2016)
Lam, V.W.Y., et al.: Projected change in global fisheries revenues under climate change. Sci. Rep. 3 (2016)
Liu, S., et al.: Evaluating economic costs and benefits of climate resilient livelihood strategies. Clim. Risk Manage. 12, 115–129 (2016)
Phadke, R., et al.: Making it personal: diversity and deliberation in climate adaptation planning. Clim. Risk Manage. 9, 62–76 (2015)
Cvitanovic, C., et al.: Linking adaptation science to action to build food secure Pacific Island communities. Clim. Risk Manage. 11, 53–62 (2016)
Khul, L., et al.: Evacuation as a climate adaptation strategy for environmental justice communities. Clim. Change. 127, 493–504 (2014)
Grillakis, M.G., et al.: Implications of 2 °C global warming in European summer tourism. Clim. Serv. 30–38 (2016)
Egeru, A., et al.: Climate risk management information, sources and responses in a pastoral region in East Africa. Clim. Risk Manage. 11, 1–14 (2016)
Mase, A.S., et al.: Climate change beliefs, risk perceptions, and adaptation behavior among Midwestern U.S. crop farmers. Clim. Risk Manage. 15, 8–17 (2017)
Wilke, A.K., Morton, L.W.: Analog years: connecting climate science and agricultural tradition to better manage landscapes of the future. Clim. Risk Manage. 15, 32–44 (2017)
Star, J., et al.: Supporting adaptation decisions through scenario planning: enabling the effective use of multiple methods. Clim. Risk Manage. 14, 88–94 (2016)
Kirchhoff, C.J.: Narrowing the gap between science and adaptation action: the role of boundary chains. Clim. Risk Manage. 14, 1–5 (2016)
Huang, J., et al.: Accelerated dry land expansion under climate change. Nat. Clim. Change 6, 166–171 (2015)
Ferrant, S., et al.: Projected impacts of climate change on farmers’ extraction of groundwater from crystalline aquifers in South India. Sci. Rep. 4 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Khazalah, M., Gopalan, B. (2019). Climate Change—Causes, Impacts, Mitigation: A Review. In: Pradhan, B. (eds) GCEC 2017. GCEC 2017. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , vol 9. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8016-6_53
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8016-6_53
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-8015-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-8016-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)