Abstract
This chapter familiarizes with the energy storage technologies, and its applications with respect to nonconventional energy resources. Establishing the energy-environmental interaction and associated challenges of sustainability the requirement of energy storage, energy storage technologies, global scenario, along with the techno-economics of renewable energy (focusing on solar) with storage in the current market scenario have been presented. The initiatives on energy storage to support utility scale electricity in context of India have also been highlighted.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- AGM:
-
Absorbed Glass Mat
- CAES:
-
Compressed Air Energy Storage
- CEA:
-
Central Electricity Authority
- CAPEX:
-
Capital Expenditure
- CERC:
-
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
- CIA:
-
Central Intelligence Agency
- CSP:
-
Concentrating Solar Power
- CUF:
-
Capacity Utilization Factor
- DLC:
-
Double-Layer Capacitor
- EES:
-
Electrical Energy Storage
- EMS:
-
Energy Management System
- ESS:
-
Energy Storage System
- EU:
-
European Union
- EV:
-
Electric Vehicle
- FES:
-
Flywheel Energy Storage
- GHG:
-
Greenhouse gases
- GoI:
-
Government of India
- GW:
-
Giga Watt
- Gt:
-
Gigatonnes
- HFB:
-
Hybrid Flow Battery
- IEA:
-
International Energy Agency
- IEO:
-
International Energy Outlook
- IFC:
-
International Finance Corporation
- INR:
-
Indian Rupee
- IRR:
-
Internal Rate of Return
- kW:
-
kilo Watt
- LA:
-
Lead-acid
- LCOE:
-
Levelised Cost of electricity
- Li-ion:
-
Lithium ion
- Mt:
-
Metric ton
- MW:
-
Mega Watt
- MWh:
-
Mega Watt hour
- NaS:
-
Sodium Sulfur
- NiCd:
-
Nickel Cadmium
- NiMH:
-
Nickel Metal Hydride
- NREL:
-
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- OECD:
-
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- OLTC:
-
On-Load Tap Changer
- PCM:
-
Phase Change Material
- PHS:
-
Pumped Hydro Storage
- POSOCO:
-
Power System Operation Corporation Limited
- PV:
-
Photovoltaic
- RE:
-
Renewable Energy
- RECAI:
-
Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index
- REN21:
-
Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century
- RES:
-
Renewable Energy Sources
- RFB:
-
Redox Flow Battery
- RRAS:
-
Reserves Regulation Ancillary Services
- SM:
-
Solar Multiple
- SMES:
-
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
- SNG:
-
Synthetic Natural Gas
- SVC:
-
Static VAR Compensator
- T&D:
-
Transmission and Distribution
- TCES:
-
Thermo-chemical Energy Storage
- TES:
-
Thermal Energy Storage
- ToD:
-
Time-of-Day
- TWh:
-
Tera Watt hour
- USD:
-
US Dollar
- US DOE:
-
United States Department of Energy
- WEO:
-
World Energy Outlook
- WRI:
-
World Resources Institute
- WTG:
-
Wind Turbine Generator
References
All India Installed Capacity (in MW) of Power Stations (April 2018) Central Electricity Authority (CEA). Available at: http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/installedcapacity/2018/installed_capacity-04.pdf. Accessed 18 May 2018
Analysis of actual generation data collected from Gujarat State Load Dispatch Centre
BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2017) BP p.l.c., London. Source—https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review-2017/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2017-full-report.pdf
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) (June 2010) Solar thermocline storage systems: preliminary design study. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA
Energystorageexchange.org (2017) DOE global energy storage database. Source—https://www.energystorageexchange.org/. Accessed 25 July 2017
Fi-powerweb.com. (2017) Wind energy and solar. Installed GW capacity—global and by country. Source—http://www.fi-powerweb.com/Renewable-Energy.html
Global Energy Storage Market Overview & Regional Summary Report (2015) Mawson ACT: Energy Storage Council. Available at: https://neca.asn.au/sites/default/files/media/state_nsw/News%20&%20Views/ESC%20Global%20Energy%20Storage%20Report_2015.pdf
International Electrotechnical Commission (2011) A white paper on “Electrical Energy Storage”
International Finance Corporation (2017) Report energy storage trends and opportunities in emerging markets under ESMAP. Source—https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/ed6f9f7f-f197-4915-8ab6-56b92d50865d/7151-IFC-EnergyStorage-report.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
POSOCO-National Load Dispatch Centre, Government of India
Power Market Overview and Trends (2017) Indian Brand Equity Foundation. Source—https://www.ibef.org/download/Power_-_January_2017.pdf
Power Sector Report by Central Electricity Authority (January 2017) Source—http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/executivesummary/2017/exe_summary-01.pdf
Purohit I, Purohit P (2010) Techno-economics of concentrating solar power in India. Energy Policy 38(6):3015–3029
Purohit I, Purohit P (2015) Inter-comparability of solar radiation databases in Indian context. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 50(2015):735–747
Purohit I, Purohit P (2017) Technical and economic potential of concentrating solar thermal power generation in India. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 78(2017):648–667
Purohit I, Purohit P, Shekhar S (2013) The potential of concentrating solar power in North-Western parts of India. Energy Policy 62:157–175
Renewables 2017 Global Status Report. REN21 Secretariat, Paris. Available at: http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/17-8399_GSR_2017_Full_Report_0621_Opt.pdf
Renewables Global Status Report (2016) REN21 Secretariat, Paris. Available at: http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/GSR_2016_Full_Report_lowres.pdf
Renewables Global Status Report (2017) REN21 Secretariat, Paris. Source—http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/17-8399_GSR_2017_Full_Report_0621_Opt.pdf
Report on Green Energy Corridors (2012) Vol-I. Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd, Gurgaon. Source—http://re.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/Report-Green%20Energy%20corridor.pdf
Sharma C, Sharma A, Purohit I, Mullick SC, Kandpal TC (2017) Comparison of solar radiation data sources for design and performance appraisal of CSP systems in India. Int J Ambient Energy (Online available)
Steen D, Joel G, Göransson L, Nursbo S, Brolin M (2014) Challenges of integrating solar and wind into the electricity grid, systems perspectives on renewable power. Source—http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/210515/local_210515.pdf
Sundaray S, Kandpal TC (2013) Preliminary feasibility evaluation of solar thermal power generation in India. Int J Sustain Energy
Tariff Order of Central Electricity Regulatory Commission, Govt. of India for Financial Year 2016–17. Source—http://www.cercind.gov.in/2016/orders/SORE.pdf
Technology Roadmap (2014). Energy storage. International Energy Agency, Paris. Source—https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/TechnologyRoadmapEnergystorage.pdf
The World Factbook Library (2017) Source—https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2240rank.html
U.S. Energy Information Administration (2016) International energy outlook. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC. Source—https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/pdf/0484(2016).pdf
World Energy Outlook (2016) International Energy Agency, Paris, France. Source—https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExecutiveSummaryEnglish.pdf
Wri.org. (2017) CAIT—Country Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data. World Resources Institute. Available at: http://www.wri.org/resources/data-sets/cait-country-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data. Accessed 7 Aug 2017
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendices
Annexure 1
List of global representative conventional power projects with energy storage
S. No. | Technology classification | Installed capacity (MW) | Country of installation | Reason for installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lead-acid battery | 10.0 | US | Uninterrupted power supply during grid disturbances |
2 | NiCd, NiMH | 27.0 | US | In the event of a generation or transmission-related outage, it can provide 27 MW of power for 15 min. That’s enough time to start up local generation when there is problem with the power plants |
3 | Pumped Hydro Storage | 3,003.0 | US | This project is used for time shifting application. It pumps water to an elevated reservoir at night and lets it run back down to generate electricity during the day |
4 | Compressed Air Energy Storage | 321.0 | Germany | The 321-MW plant utilizes nuclear-sourced night-time power for compression and produces peak power during the day via a natural gas turbine |
5 | Flywheel Energy Storage | 400.0 | UK | EFDA JET Fusion Flywheel Annual consumption is very dependent on whether JET is operational or in shutdown. The peak of consumption here is during a 300 s JET pulse—where over 300 MW of electrical power is pulled from the grid, and up to 400 MW is supplied from two large flywheels located in Culham, U.K. However, this is only for 30 s, every 20–30 min |
6 | Liquid: water or thermo-oil. Solid: concrete or the ground | 90.0 | US | This is a Generation Storage system in which water is chilled at off-peak and stored in a thermal energy storage tank. The following day during peak, chilled water is pulled from the tank to chill the inlet air of the gas turbine, resulting in increased output. System is weather dependent, with full 90 MW output at 95 °F. System offers increased MWs for capacity and/or ancillary services beginning at temperatures above 59 °F, with highest performance at highest temperatures |
Annexure 2
List of global representative RE based (CSP, Solar PV and Wind) power projects with energy storage (Tables 5 and 6)
Annexure 3
List of operational energy storage projects in India
S. No. | Project name | Technology type | Rated power in kW | Duration (h) | Service/Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | India One Solar Thermal Plant | Heat Thermal Storage | 1,000 | 16.0 | Renewable Energy Time Shift Renewable Capacity Firming |
2 | Tehri Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant | Open-loop Pumped Hydro Storage | 1,000,000 | n/a | Electric Energy Time Shift Electric Supply Capacity |
3 | Sun-carrier Omega Net Zero Building in Bhopal | Vanadium Redox Flow Battery | 45 | 6.67 | Onsite Renewable Generation Shifting |
4 | Diwakar CSP Plant | Molten Salt Thermal Storage | 100,000 | 4.0 | Renewable Capacity Firming Renewable Energy Time Shift |
5 | NagarjunaSagar Pumped Hydro Station Tail Pond Project | Open-loop Pumped Hydro Storage | 700,000 | 8.0 | Electric Energy Time Shift Electric Supply Capacity |
6 | Giga Capacitor Hyperadad Test Project (IL) | Electrochemical Capacitor | 15,000 | 10.0 | Renewable Energy Time Shift Distribution upgrade due to solar Stationary Transmission/Distribution Upgrade Deferral |
7 | 30 kW Flow Battery by Imergy Power Systems at Global Academy of Technology College | Vanadium Redox Flow Battery | 30 | 4.0 | Microgrid Capability Onsite Power Onsite Renewable Generation Shifting Renewable Capacity Firming |
8 | SardarSarovar Pumped Storage Power Station | Open-loop Pumped Hydro Storage | 1,450,000 | n/a | Electric Energy Time Shift Electric Supply Capacity |
9 | Bhira Pumped Storage Hydro Plant | Open-loop Pumped Hydro Storage | 150,000 | n/a | Electric Energy Time Shift Electric Supply Capacity |
10 | Ghatghar Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant | Open-loop Pumped Hydro Storage | 250,000 | n/a | Electric Energy Time Shift Electric Supply Capacity |
11 | Kadamparai Hydroelectric Pumped Storage Power Plant | Open-loop Pumped Hydro Storage | 400,000 | n/a | Electric Energy Time Shift Electric Supply Capacity |
12 | Purulia Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant | Open-loop Pumped Hydro Storage | 900,000 | 6.0 | Electric Energy Time Shift Electric Supply Capacity |
13 | Clique Solar Thermal HVAC System | Chilled Water Thermal Storage | 175 | 48.0 | Onsite Renewable Generation Shifting Electric Bill Management with Renewable |
14 | Gram Power KharedaLakshmipura Microgrid | Lead-acid Battery | 40 | n/a | Renewable Capacity Firming Onsite Renewable Generation Shifting Electric Supply Capacity Microgrid Capability |
15 | KVK Energy Solar Project | Molten Salt Thermal Storage | 100,000 | 4.0 | Renewable Capacity Firming Renewable Energy Time Shift |
16 | Gujarat Solar One | Molten Salt Thermal Storage | 25,000 | 9.0 | Renewable Capacity Firming Renewable Energy Time Shift |
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Purohit, I., Sundaray, S., Motiwala, S. (2018). Familiarization with Energy Storage Technologies and Their Relevance for Renewable Energy (RE) Based Power Generation. In: Sharma, A., Shukla, A., Aye, L. (eds) Low Carbon Energy Supply. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7326-7_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7326-7_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7325-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7326-7
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)