Chemistry, Therapeutic Attributes, and Biological Activities of Dillenia indica Linn

Singh, Ashok K.; Saha, Sudipta

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7284-0_9

Ashok K. Singh⁴ &
Sudipta Saha⁴

1246 Accesses
1 Citations

Abstract

Dillenia indica Linn. (Dilleniaceae) is generally known as elephant apple and locally known as outenga. The vernacular names are chalta, chulta, bhavya, karambel, ouu, and ramphal. This evergreen deciduous tree is markedly disseminated in the seasonal tropics of many Asian countries, in India from Himalaya to south India. The different parts of this plant have been prevalently investigated for the plethora of biological activities including anticancer, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antileukemic, antioxidant, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, antidiarrheal, and hairweaving activities. Differently prepared extracts of this plant have been reported mainly to contain a wide range of flavonoids, triterpenoids (lupene-type), phytosteroids, phenolics, alcohols, and ketones and an anthraquinone. Several phytochemical investigations revealed substantial presence of various types of active constituents including β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, betulin, betulinic acid, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, dillenetin and rhamnetin. Among these the major chemical constituents are betulin and betulinic acid (lupene-type triterpenoids) that show a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities like anti-HIV, anticancer, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, etc. The present chapter thus approaches to highlight on phytochemistry, traditional and therapeutic uses, and biological activities of Dillenia indica.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Chapter: USD 29.95; Price excludes VAT (USA)

eBook: USD 149.00; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Hardcover Book: USD 199.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

Abdille, M. H., Sigh, R. P., Jayaprakasha, G. K., & Jena, B. S. (2005). Antioxidant activity of the extracts from Dillenia indica fruits. Food Chemistry, 90, 891–896.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Akter, R., Uddin, S. J., Grice, I. D., & Tiralongo, E. (2014). Cytotoxic activity screening of Bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts. Journal of Natural Medicines, 68, 246–252.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Alam, M. D., Chowdhury, N. S., Mazumder, M. E. H., & Haque, M. E. (2011). Antimicrobial and toxicity study of different fractions of Dillenia indica Linn. bark extract. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2, 860–866.
Google Scholar
Alam, B. M., Rahman, M. S., Hasan, M., Khan, M. M., Nahar, K., & Sultana, S. (2012). Antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of the Dillenia indica bark. International Journal of Pharmacology, 8, 243–253.
Article Google Scholar
Angami, A., Gajurel, P. R., Rethy, P., Singh, B., & Kalita, S. K. (2006). Status and potential of wild edible plants of Arunachal Pradesh. The Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 5, 541–550.
Google Scholar
Anisuzzaman, M., Rahman, A. H. M. M., Harun-Or-Rashid, M., Naderuzzaman, A. T. M., & Islam, A. K. M. R. (2007). An ethnobotanical study of Madhupur, Tangail. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3, 519–530.
Google Scholar
Apu, A. S., Muhit, M. A., Tareq, S. M., Pathan, A. H., Jamaluddin, A. T. M., & Ahmed, M. (2010). Antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of the leaves extract of Dillenia indica Linn. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2(1), 50–53.
Article Google Scholar
Aqil, F., Zahin, M., & Ahmad, I. (2008). Antimutagenic activity of methanolic extracts of four ayurvedic medicinal plants. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 46(9), 668–672.
Google Scholar
Armania, N., Yazan, L. S., Ismail, I. S., Foo, J. B., Tor, Y. S., Ishak, N., Ismail, N., & Ismail, M. (2013a). Dillenia suffruticosa extract inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) via induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Molecules, 18, 13320–13339.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Armania, N., Yazan, L. S., Musa, S. N., Ismail, I. S., Foo, J. B., Chan, K. W., Noreen, H., Hisyam, A. H., Zulfahmi, S., & Ismail, M. (2013b). Dillenia suffruticosa exhibited antioxidant and cytotoxic activity through induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 146, 525–535.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Azam, M. N. K., Rahman, M. M., Biswas, S., & Ahmed, M. N. (2016). Appraisals of Bangladeshi medicinal plants used by folk medicine practitioners in the prevention and management of malignant neoplastic diseases. International Scholarly Research Notices. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7832120.
Article Google Scholar
Bal, T., Murthy, P. N., & Pandey, A. (2012a). Evaluation of mucoadhesive carvedilol microcapsules prepared using orifice gelatin technique. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 5(1), 519–525.
Google Scholar
Bal, T., Murthy, P. N., & Sengupta, S. (2012b). Isolation and analytical studies of mucilage obtained from the seeds of Dillenia indica (family Dilleniaceae) by use of various analytical techniques. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 5(3), 65–68.
CAS Google Scholar
Banerji, N., Majumder, P., & Dutta, N. L. (1975). New pentacyclic triterpene lactone from Dillenia indica. Phytochemistry, 14, 1447–1448.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Bate-Smith, E. C., & Harborne, J. B. (1971). Differences in flavonoid content between fresh and herbarium leaf tissue in Dillenia. Phytochemistry, 10, 1055–1058.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Bhat, P., Hegde, G. R., Hegde, G., & Mulgund, G. S. (2014). Ethnomedicinal plants to cure skin diseases- an account of the traditional knowledge in the coastal parts of Central Western Ghats, Karnataka, India. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151, 493–502.
Article Google Scholar
Bhattacharjee, S. R., & Chatterjee, A. (1962). Betulinic acid and betulin, the triterpenoid constituents of Dillenia indica. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 39, 276–284.
CAS Google Scholar
Boer, H. J., Lamxay, V., & Bjork, L. (2012). Comparing medicinal plant knowledge using similarity indices, a case of the Brou, Saek and Kry in Lao PDR. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 141, 481–500.
Article Google Scholar
Bose, U., Gunasekaran, K., Bala, V., & Rahman, A. A. (2010). Evaluation of phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Dillenia indica Linn. Leaves. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 10(5), 222–228.
Google Scholar
Chowdhury, M. I., Dewan, S. M. R., Ahamed, S. K., Moghal, M. M. R., & Ahmed, J. (2013). Biological activities of Dillenia indica L. bark growing in Bangladesh. Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion, 1(2), 45–49.
Article Google Scholar
Da Silva, E., Shahgaldian, P., & Coleman, A. W. (2004). Haemolytic properties of some water-soluble para-sulphonato-calix-(n)-arenes. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 273, 57–62.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Dan, S., & Dan, S. S. (1980). Triterpenoids of Indian Dilleniaceae. Journal of the Chemical Society, 57, 760.
CAS Google Scholar
Das, A. K., Dutta, B. K., & Sharma, G. D. (2008). Medicinal plants used by different tribes of Cachar district Assam. The Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 7(3), 446–454.
Google Scholar
Das, S., Khan, M. L., Rabha, A., & Bhattacharjya, D. K. (2009). Ethnomedicinal plants of Manas National Park, Assam, Northeast India. The Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 8, 514–517.
Google Scholar
Deepa, N., & Jena, B. S. (2011). Antioxidant fraction from bark of Dillenia indica. International Journal of Food Properties, 14, 1152–1159.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Dickison, W. C. (1979). A note on the wood anatomy of Dillenia(Dilleniaceae). IAWA Bulletin, 2–3, 57–60.
Google Scholar
Dubey, P. C., Sikarwar, R. L. S., Khanna, K. K., & Tiwari, A. P. (2009). Ethnobotany of Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. in Vindhya region of Madhya Pradesh, India. Natural Product Radiance, 8(5), 546–548.
Google Scholar
Fu, C., Yang, D., Peh, W. Y. E., Lai, S., Feng, X., & Yang, H. (2015). Structure and antioxidant activities of proanthocyanidins from elephant apple (Dillenia indica Linn.). Journal of Food Science, 80(10), 2191–2199.
Article CAS Google Scholar
García, J. I. L., Alonso, E., Gonzalez-Uriarte, J., & Romano, D. R. (1997). Evaluation of scolicidal agents in an experimental hydatid disease model. European Surgical Research, 29(3), 202–208.
Article Google Scholar
Grosvenor, P. W., Gothard, P. K., McWilliam, N. C., Supriono, A., & Gray, D. O. (1995a). Medicinal plants from Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Part 1 uses. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 45, 75–95.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Grosvenor, P. W., Supriono, A., & Gray, D. O. (1995b). Medicinal plants from Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Part 2, antibacterial and antifungal activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 45, 97–111.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Haque, M. E., Islam, M. N., Hossain, M., Mohamad, A. U., Karim, M. F., & Rahman, M. A. (2008). Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Dillenia pentagyna. Dhaka Univ. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(1), 103–105.
Google Scholar
Hazarika, T. K., Marak, S., Mandal, D., Upadhyaya, K., Nautiyal, B. P., & Shukla, A. C. (2016). Underutilized and unexploited fruits of Indo-Burma hot spot, Meghalaya, north-east India: Ethno-medicinal evaluation, socio-economic importance and conservation strategies. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 63(2), 289–304.
Article Google Scholar
Himakar, R. K., Tharanath, V., Nagi, R. K. B., Sharma, P. V. G. K., & Reddy, O. V. S. (2010). Studies on hepatoprotective effect of hexane extract of Dillenia indica against CCl4 induced toxicity and its safety evaluation in Wistar albino rats. RJPBCS, 1(3), 441–450.
Google Scholar
Islam, M. K., Saha, S., Mahmud, I., Mohamad, K., Awang, K., Uddin, S. J., Rahman, M. M., & Shilpi, J. A. (2014). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by tribal and native people of Madhupur forest area Bangladesh. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151, 921–930.
Article Google Scholar
Jaiswal, S., Mansa, N., Prasad, M. S. P., Jena, B. S., & Negi, P. S. (2014). Antibacterial and antimutagenic activities of Dillenia indica extracts. Food Bioscience, 5, 47–53.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Jong-Anurakkun, N., Bhandari, M. R., & Kawabata, J. (2007). α-Glucosidase inhibitors from Devil tree (Alstonia scholaris). Food Chemistry, 103, 1319–1323.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Kagyung, R., Gajurel, P. R., Rethy, P., & Singh, B. (2010). Ethnomedicinal plants used for gastro-intestinal diseases by Adi tribes of Dehang-Debang biosphere reserve in Arunachal Pradesh. The Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 9(3), 496–501.
Google Scholar
Kalita, D., & Deb, B. (2004). Some folk medicines used by the Sonowal Kacharis tribe of the Brahmaputra valley Assam. Natural Product Radiance, 3(4), 240–246.
Google Scholar
Kar, A., & Borthakur, S. K. (2007). Wild vegetables sold in local markets of Karbi Anglong Assam. The Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 6(1), 169–172.
Google Scholar
Kaur, N., Kishore, L., & Singh, R. (2016). Antidiabetic effect of new chromane isolated from Dillenia indica L. leaves in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of Functional Foods, 22, 547–555.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Kerrigan, R. A., Craven, L. A., & Dunlop, C. R. (2011). Dilleniaceae. In P. S. Short & I. D. Cowie (Eds.), Flora of the Darwin region (pp. 1–6). Palmerston: Northern Territory Government.
Google Scholar
Khanum, A., Khan, I., & Ali, A. (2007). Ethnomedicine and human welfare. Ukaaz Publications, 4, 52.
Google Scholar
Khare, C. P. (2007). Indian medicinal plants (Vol. 214). Berlin: Springer.
Google Scholar
Khongsai, M., Saikia, S. P., & Kayang, H. (2011). Ethnomedicinal plants used by different tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. The Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 10(3), 541–546.
Google Scholar
Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (2003). Indian medicinal plants. Oriental Enterprizes, Dehradun, 1, 75–77.
Google Scholar
Kumar, D., Mallick, S., Vedasiromoni, J. R., & Pal, B. C. (2010). Anti-leukemic activity of Dillenia indica L. fruit extract and quantification of betulinic acid by HPLC. Phytomedicine, 17, 431–435.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Kumar, S., Kumar, V., & Prakash, O. (2011a). Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of Dillenia indica extract in diabetic rats. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 9(5), 570–574.
Article Google Scholar
Kumar, S., Kumar, V., & Prakash, O. (2011b). Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Dillenia indica (L.) leaves extract. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 47(2), 373–378.
Article Google Scholar
Kumar, S., Kumar, V., & Prakash, O. (2013). Enzymes inhibition and antidiabetic effect of isolated constituents from Dillenia indica. BioMed Research International, 2013, 1–7.
Google Scholar
Kuotsu, K., & Bandyopadhyay, A. K. (2007). Development of oxytocin nasal gel using natural mucoadhesive agent obtained from the fruits of Delliniaindica L. Science Asia, 33, 57–60.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Lalfakzuala, R., Lalramnghinglova, H., & Kayang, H. (2007). Ethnobotanical usages of plants in western Mizoram. The Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 6, 486–493.
Google Scholar
Majumdar, K., Saha, R., Datta, B. K., & Bhakta, T. (2006). Medicinal plants prescribed by different tribal and non-tribal medicine men of Tripura state. The Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 5(4), 559–562.
Google Scholar
Metia, P. K., & Bandyopadhyay, A. K. (2008). In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel mucoadhesive buccal oxytocin table prepared with Dillenia indica fruit mucilage. Pharmazie, 63, 270–274.
CAS Google Scholar
Miglianto, K. F., Chiosini, M. A., Mendonça, F. A. S., Esquisatto, M. A. M., Salgado, H. R., & Santos, G. M. T. (2011). Effect of glycolic extract of Dillenia indica L. combined with microcurrent stimulation on experimental lesions in Wistar rats. Wounds, 23(5), 111–120.
Google Scholar
Muhit, A. M., Tareq, S. M., Apu, A. S., Basak, D., & Islam, M. S. (2010). Isolation and identification of compounds from the leaf extract of Dillenia indica Linn. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 13(1), 49–53.
Google Scholar
Mukherjee, K. S., & Badruddoza, S. (1981). Chemical constituents of Dillenia indica Linn. and Vitex negundo Linn. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 58, 97–98.
CAS Google Scholar
Nguyen-Pouplin, J., Tran, H., Phan, T. A., Dolecek, C., Farrar, J., Tran, T. H., Caron, P., Bodo, B., & Grellier, P. (2007). Antimalarial and cytotoxic activities of ethnopharmacologically selected medicinal plants from South Vietnam. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 109, 417–427.
Article Google Scholar
Nick, A., Wright, A. D., Sticher, O., & Rali, T. (1994). Antibacterial triterpenoid acids from Dillenia papuana. Journal of Natural Products, 57, 1245–1250.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Nick, A., Rali, T., & Sticher, O. (1995a). Biological screening of traditional medicinal plants from Papua New Guinea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 49, 147–156.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Nick, A., Wright, A. D., Rali, T., & Sticher, O. (1995b). Antibacterial triterpenoids from Dillenia papuana and their structure-activity relationships. Phytochemistry, 40, 1691–1695.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Ozdemir, E., & Alpınar, K. (2015). An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in western part of central Taurus Mountains: Aladaglar (Nigde-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 166, 53–65.
Article Google Scholar
Padhya, I. P., Choudhary, N. S., Padhy, S. K., & Das, S. (2008). Effect of Dillenia indica leaves against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2, 190–193.
CAS Google Scholar
Parvin, M. N., Rahman, M. S., Islam, M. S., & Rashid, M. A. (2009). Chemical and biological investigations of Dillenia indica Linn. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 4, 122–125.
Google Scholar
Pavanasasivam, G., & Sultanbawa, M. U. S. (1975a). Flavonoids of some Dilleniaceae species. Phytochemistry, 14, 1127–1128.
Article Google Scholar
Pavanasasivam, G., & Sultanbawa, M. U. S. (1975b). Chemical investigation of Ceylonese plants. XII. (+)-3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxy-3′-methoxyflavanone ((+)-dihydroisorhamnetin) and 3,5,7-trihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxyflavone (dillenetin), two new natural products from Dillenia indica. Journal of the Chemical Society, 6, 612–613.
Google Scholar
Pavani, M., Rao, M. S., Nath, M. M., & Rao, C. A. (2012). Ethnobotanical explorations on anti-diabetic plants used by tribal inhabitants of Seshachalam forest of Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 2(3), 100–105.
Google Scholar
Polterai, O. (1997). Antioxidants and free-radical scavengers of natural origin. Current Organic Chemistry, 1, 415–440.
Google Scholar
Poonam, K., & Singh, G. S. (2009). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Taungya community in Terai Arc landscape, India. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123, 167–176.
Article Google Scholar
Pradhan, B. K., & Badola, H. K. (2008). Ethnomedicinal plant use by Lepcha tribe of Dzongu valley, bordering Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, in North Sikkim, India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 4, 22.
Article Google Scholar
Prasad, P. R. C., Reddy, C. S., Raza, S. H., & Dutt, C. B. S. (2008). Folklore medicinal plants of North Andaman Islands, India. Fitoterapia, 79, 458–464.
Article Google Scholar
Purkayastha, J., Nath, S. C., & Islam, M. (2005). Ethnobotany of medicinal plants from Dibru-Saikhowa biosphere reserve of Northeast India. Fitoterapia, 76, 121–127.
Article Google Scholar
Quattrocchi, U. F. L. S. (2012). CRC world dictionary of medicinal and poisonous plants (pp. 1407–1408). New York: CRC Press.
Book Google Scholar
Ragasa, C. Y., Alimboyoguen, A. B., & Shen, C.-C. (2009). Antimicrobial triterpenes from Dillenia philippinensis. The Philippine Scientist, 46, 78–87.
Google Scholar
Rahman, M. D., Rahman, M., Islam, M. M., & Reza, M. S. (2011a). The importance of forests to protect medicinal plants, a case study of Khadimnagar National Park, Bangladesh. IJBSESM, 7, 283–294.
Google Scholar
Rahman, M. S., Shams-Ud-Doha, K. M., & Rahman, R. (2011b). Antidiarrhoeal activity of the leaf and fruit extracts of Dillenia indica. International Journal of Biosciences, 1(6), 39–46.
Google Scholar
Rai, P. L., & Lalramnghinglova, H. (2010). Ethnomedicinal plant resources of Mizoram, India, implication of traditional knowledge in health care system. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 14, 274–305.
Google Scholar
Ripunjoy, S. (2013). Indigenous knowledge on the utilization of medicinal plants by the Sonowal Kachari Tribe of Dibrugarh district in Assam, North-East India. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(4), 44–50.
Google Scholar
Saikia, J. P. (2013). Hair waving natural product: Dillenia indica seed sap. Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces, 102, 905–907.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Saikia, A. P., Ryakala, V. K., Sharma, P., Goswami, P., & Bora, U. (2006). Ethnobotany of medicinal plants used by Assamese people for various skin ailments and cosmetics. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106, 149–157.
Article Google Scholar
Sarker, M. M. R., Nimmi, I., & Kawsar, M. H. (2012). Preliminary screening of six popular fruits of Bangladesh for in vitro IgM production and proliferation of splenocytes. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 15(1), 31–37.
Google Scholar
Sarmah, R., Adhikari, D., Majumdar, M., & Arunachalan, A. (2008). Traditional medicobotany of Chakma community residing in the Northwestern periphery of Namdapha National Park in Arunachal Pradesh. The Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 7(4), 587–593.
Google Scholar
Shah, G. L. (1978). Dillenia indica and Dillenia pentagyna. Flora of Gujarat, 49, 214.
Google Scholar
Sharma, U. M., & Pegu, S. (2011). Ethnobotany of religious and supernatural beliefs of the Mishing tribes of Assam with special reference to the 'DoburUie'. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 7, 16.
Article Google Scholar
Sharma, H. K., Chhangte, L., & Dolui, A. K. (2001). Traditional medicinal plants in Mizoram, India. Fitoterapia, 72, 146–161.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Sharma, H. K., Sarangi, B., & Pradhan, S. P. (2009). Preparation and in vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive microbeads containing timolol maleate using mucoadhesive substances of Dillenia indica L. Archives of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, 1(2), 181–188.
CAS Google Scholar
Sharma, H. K., Pradhan, S. P., & Sarangi, B. (2010). Preparation and in vitro evaluation of enteric controlled release pantoprazole loaded microbeads using natural mucoadhesive substance from Dillenia indica L. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2(1), 542–551.
CAS Google Scholar
Sharma, J., Gairola, S., Gaur, R. D., & Painuli, R. M. (2012). The treatment of jaundice with medicinal plants in indigenous communities of the Sub-Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 143, 262–291.
Article Google Scholar
Sharma, H. K., Lahkar, S., & Nath, L. K. (2013). Formulation and in vitro evaluation of metformin hydrochloride loaded microspheres prepared with polysaccharide extracted from natural sources. Acta Pharmaceutica, 63, 209–222.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Shendge, P., & Gadge, M. (2012). Protective effect of Dillenia indica L. on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats. International Journal of Drug Discovery and Medical Research, 1(2), 9–13.
Google Scholar
Shendge, P., Patil, L., & Kadam, V. (2011). In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of Dillenia indica Linn. leaf extract. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(7), 1814–1818.
Google Scholar
Singh, A. K., Raghubanshi, A. S., & Singh, J. S. (2002). Medical ethnobotany of the tribals of Sonaghati of Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81, 31–41.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Singh, S., Saikia, J. P., & Buragohain, A. K. (2013). A novel “green” synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles (SNP) using Dillenia indica fruit extract. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 102, 83–85.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Singh, D. R., Singh, S., Salim, K. M., & Srivastava, R. C. (2012). Estimation of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of underutilized fruits of Andaman Islands (India). International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 63(4), 446–452.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Smitha, V. P., Ch, M. M., Kandra, P., Sravani, R., & Akondi, R. B. (2012). Screening of antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of Acacia caesia, Dillenia pentagyna and Buchanania lanzan from Maredumilli forest of India. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 5(3), 1734–1738.
Google Scholar
Somani, S. J., Badgujar, L. B., Sutariya, B. K., & Saraf, M. N. (2014). Protective effect of Dillenia indica L. on acetic acid induced colitis in mice. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 52, 876–881.
CAS Google Scholar
Srivastava, B. K., & Pande, C. S. (1981). Chemical examination of bark of Dillenia indica. Acta Cienc Indica, 7(1–4), 170–174.
CAS Google Scholar
Srivastava, R. C., Singh, R. K., Community, A., & Mukherjee, T. K. (2010). Indigenous biodiversity of Apatani plateau: Learning on biocultural knowledge of Apatani tribe of Arunachal Pradesh for sustainable livelihoods. The Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 9(3), 432–442.
Google Scholar
Sundararamaiah, T., Ramraj, S. K., Rao, K. L., & Vimalabai, M. V. (1976). Isolation of the lupeol group of triterpenes from Dillenia indica Linn. and Diospyros perigrina. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 53, 638.
CAS Google Scholar
Sunil, K., Vipin, K., & OM, P. (2011). Free radicals scavenging effect of Dillenia indica leaves. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 1, 169–173.
Google Scholar
Tag, H., Kalita, P., Dwivedi, P., Das, A. K., & Namsa, N. D. (2012). Herbal medicines used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Arunachal Himalaya, northeast, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 141, 786–795.
Article Google Scholar
Tarak, D., Namsa, N. D., Tangjang, S., Arya, S. C., Rajbonshi, B., Samal, P. K., & Mandal, M. (2011). An inventory of the ethnobotanicals used as anti-diabetic by a rural community of Dhemaji district of Assam, Northeast India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 138, 345–350.
Article Google Scholar
The wealth of India, Raw Materials. (1952). The wealth of India, raw materials (Vol. 3, pp. 64–65). New Delhi: CSIR.
Google Scholar
Tiwari, K. P., & Srivastava, S. S. D. (1979). Pigments from the stem bark of Dillenia indica. Planta Medica, 35, 188–190.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Uppalapati, S. L., & Rao, J. T. (1980). Protein analysis of the seeds of Dillenia indica Linn. Journal of the Institution of Chemists, 52, 111–112.
CAS Google Scholar
Venkatalakshmi, P., Vadivel, V., & Brindha, P. (2016). Role of phytochemicals as immunomodulatory agents: A review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 10(1), 1–18.
Google Scholar
Wiart, C., Mogana, S., Khalifah, S., Mahan, M., Ismail, S., Buckle, M., Narayana, A. K., & Sulaiman, M. (2004). Antimicrobial screening of plants used for traditional medicine in the state of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. Fitoterapia, 75, 68–73.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Yeshwante, S. B., Juvekar, A. R., Nagmoti, D. M., Wankhede, S. S., Shah, A. S., Pimprikar, R. B., & Saindane, D. S. (2009a). Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extracts of Dillenia indica L. leaves. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 1, 63–66.
Article Google Scholar
Yeshwante, S. B., Juvekar, A. R., Pimprikar, R. B., Kakade, R. T., Tabrej, M., Kale, M. K., & Firke, S. D. (2009b). Anti-diarrheal activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Dillenia indica L. Research Journal of Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics, 1(3), 140–142.
Google Scholar
Yeshwante, S. B., Juvekar, A. R., Nagmoti, D. M., & Wankhede, S. (2011). In vivo analgesic activity of methanolic extract of Dillenia indica (L) leaves. Pharmacology, 3, 1084–1096.
Google Scholar

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Vice Chancellor of Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India, for the support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ashok K. Singh & Sudipta Saha

Authors

Ashok K. Singh
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Sudipta Saha
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sudipta Saha .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ranbir Chander Sobti
Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Naveen Kumar Arora
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Richa Kothari

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Singh, A.K., Saha, S. (2019). Chemistry, Therapeutic Attributes, and Biological Activities of Dillenia indica Linn. In: Sobti, R., Arora, N., Kothari, R. (eds) Environmental Biotechnology: For Sustainable Future. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7284-0_9

Download citation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7284-0_9
Published: 07 December 2018
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7283-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7284-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics