Abstract
There are several ecological differences between the migratory continental population and the nonmigratory Hokkaido population of Grus japonensis. Even though the most cranes of the latter move shortly between their breeding and wintering grounds, a few of the pairs occasionally maintain their same territories year-round. The classic nesting habitat for G. japonensis is an open wetland consisting of reed dominant vegetation. Recently, however, they have shown a tendency for nesting in the thick alder forests, accounting for over 10% of all nesting pairs in 2009. This shift in habitat selection is one of the factors supporting their recent population growth. During the coldest season, cranes concentrate at a few major artificial feeding stations and then roost in neighboring unfrozen rivers. In recent years, however, individuals feeding at minor stations are increasing because the major feeding stations and roosts are probably reaching their capacity limits. The Hokkaido population is continuously growing since the mid-twentieth century, and numbers of cranes exceeded 1500 as of January 2014. Expansion of G. japonensis distribution due to increase in population continues to progress in line with the breeding potential map of Hokkaido. Unfortunately, the population growth is challenged by issues such as (1) the lack of genetic diversity, (2) overconcentration of individuals at a few feeding stations, (3) overcrowding and exceeded carrying capacity in breeding grounds, (4) conflicts with farmers, (5) traffic accidents due to excessive habituation to people, and (6) breeding habitat degradation and disturbance of nesting activities by deer. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to consider future protection measures to maintain the population.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Archibald GW (1972) Grus japonensis of Hokkaido is nonmigratory. Yacho 37(9):450–467
Archibald GW (1976) Crane taxonomy as revealed by the unison call. Proc Internat Crane Works ICF, Baraboo, pp 225–251
Fujita H, Takada M, Kaneko M (1997) Inventory of the present wetlands in Hokkaido, Japan. Report of the Pro Natura Found (Japan) Fiscal Years of 1994•1995 3–14. (in Japanese)
Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (2017) Wetland area change. http://www.gsi.go.jp/kankyochiri/shicchimenseki2.html (in Japanese)
Hasegawa O, Takada S, Yoshida MC, Abe S (1999) Variation of mitochondrial control region sequences in three crane species, the red-crowned crane Grus japonensis, the common Crane G. grus and the hooded Crane G. monacha. Zool Sci 16:685–692
Hisai A (2016) Inhabiting situation of cranes and their relationship with people during the Edo period in Japan, Dissertation to Hokkaido University. (in Japanese)
Hotta M, Suzuki M (2006) The birds and birdlore of Tokugawa Japan. Heibonsha, Tokyo. (in Japanese)
Koga K, Matsumoto F, Kobayashi S, Ishikawa M, Satou M, Masatomi H (2002) Costume-rearing of Japanese crane chicks at the Akan international crane center. Bull Akan Inernat Crane Center 2:51–62. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Koga K, Matsumoto F, Masatomi H, Momose K, Aoki N (2003) Releasing a captive Japanese crane reared by a crane-costumed human. Bull Akan Internat Crane Center 3:24–36. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Lee K, Yoo S (2010) The red-crowned crane wintering population increase and conservation in Korea. China Crane News 14(1):20–25
Masatomi H (1974) Ecological studies on the Japanese crane Grus japonensis V. J Hokkaido College of Senshu Univ 5:1–16. (in Japanese)
Masatomi H (1977) Tancho -nature of Hokkaido 6. Hokkaido Shimbun Press, Sapporo. (in Japanese)
Masatomi H (2008) For conservation of the red-crowned crane – a memorandum. In: K Koga et al. (eds) The current status and issues of the red-crowned crane. vii–ix
Masatomi H (2000) Tancho – the all of Tancho. Hokkaido Shimbun Press, Sapporo. (in Japanese)
Masatomi H (2010) Tancho -Though a so magnisonant bird. Hokkaido Shimbun Press, Sapporo. (in Japanese)
Masatomi H, Masatomi Y (2009) Promoting the coexistence of humans and Tancho in Japan. Jpn J Conserv Ecol 14:223–242. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Masatomi H, Masatomi Y (2013) Vegetation at the nesting sites of Tancho in Hokkaido. Wetland Research 3(1):15–28. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Masatomi H, Momose K (1985) The census on the Tancho, Grus japonensis, wintering at the feeding stations in eastern Hokkaido. J Hokkaido College of Senshu Univ 18:123–131. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Masatomi H, Abe S, Momose K, Matsuo T, Nagayama K (1982) Distribution of Tanchos (Grus japonensis) in the breeding season in 1982 –aerial surveys on eastern Hokkaido. J Senshu Univ Hokkaido 15:163–173. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Masatomi H, Momose K, Koga K, Matsumoto F, Matsuo T, Momose Y (1998) Breeding status of the Tancho Grus japonensis in Hokkaido in 1997 and 1998. J Senshu Univ Hokkaido College (Nat Sci) 31:137–171. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Masatomi H, Smirenski SM, Momose K, Koga K, Andronov VA, Darman YA, Momose YS (2002) Status of cranes and storks breeding in the middle Amur river basin, Russia, in the summer of 1997. Biosphere Conserv 4(2):87–102
Masatomi H, Momose K, Inoue M, Masatomi Y (2008a) The movements of the sedentary Tancho fitted with PTT in Hokkaido. Bull Akan Internat Crane Center 7:53–62. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Masatomi H, Momose K, Inoue M, Masatomi Y (2008b) Tracking of two Tanchos released with PTT in eastern Hokkaido. Bull. Akan Internat Crane Center 7:63–73. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Masatomi H, Momose K, Koga K, Masatomi Y, Matsumoto F (2012) Tancho Grus japonensis during breeding season of 2009. Bull Akan Internat Crane Center 10:19–46. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Masatomi H, Masatomi Y, Matsumoto F, Koga K (2016a) Nesting of Tancho Grus japonensis in Hokkaido in spring of 2010. Bull Akan Internat Crane Center 13:3–22. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Masatomi H, Tomiyama N, Masatomi Y, Momose K (2016b) Censuses on Grus japonensis wintering in Hokkaido in early 2014. Bull Akan Internat Crane Center 13:23–40. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Masatomi Y (2007) A population viability analysis of Tancho Grus japonensis in Hokkaido, Japan. Dissertation to Hokkaido University
Masatomi Y, Masatomi H (2011) Nesting habitat suitability estimation for Tancho in Hokkaido using generalized linear model. J Community Cooperative Research Center, Senshu Univ 6:838–838. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Masatomi Y, Higashi S, Masatomi H (2007) A simple population viability analysis of Tancho (Grus japonensis) in southeastern Hokkaido, Japan. Popul Ecol 49:297–304
Ministry of the Environment, Nippon Data Service Co. Ltd. (2005) Kushiro wetland restoration project Kushiro Wetland vegetation survey report, 2004. (in Japanese)
Ministry of the Environment (2017a) Expansion of alder forest in the Kushiro Mire. http://kushiro.env.gr.jp/wetland/wetland_article2_2.html (in Japanese)
Ministry of the Environment (2017b) Nature regeneration. http://www.env.go.jp/nature/saisei/pamph-27/shizentonokyousei-mezashite.pdf (in Japanese)
Miura Y, Shiraishi J, Shiomi A, Kitazawa T, Hiraga T, Matsumoto F, Teraoka H, Masatomi H (2013) Origin of three red-crowned cranes Grus japonensis found in northeast Honshu and west Hokkaido, Japan, from 2008 to 2012. J Vet Med Sci 75(9):1241–1244
Saito H (1926) On the Manchurian crane found in Hokkaido. Tori 5(21):16–19. (in Japanese)
Tancho Protection Group (2008) International and regional issues. In: Koga K et al (eds) The current status and issues of the red-crowned crane, pp 3–9
Wild Bird Society of Japan (2017) A list of the protected areas. http://www.wbsj.org/activity/conservation/bird-reserve/bird-reserve-list/ (in Japanese)
Winter SV, Kashentseva TA (2016) Division of the red-crowned crane into two subspecies. Ornithologia 40:5–25. (in Russian with English abstract)
Acknowledgments
We sincerely thank Dr. Takeshi Takenaka for his suggestive comments on our draft. This study was partly supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (D-1201) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Masatomi, H., Masatomi, Y. (2018). Ecology of the Red-crowned Crane and Conservation Activities in Japan. In: Nakamura, F. (eds) Biodiversity Conservation Using Umbrella Species. Ecological Research Monographs. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7203-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7203-1_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7202-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7203-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)