Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Scope of Pyrolysis Process as a Sustainable Method to Dispose Waste Tires: A Review

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Air Pollution and Control

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

Abstract

Vehicles on roads are increasing tremendously and so are the waste and pollution. Every year billions of waste tires are being produced which is either left as such as solid waste or used for land fillings or burnt. Open tire fires are polluting air by emitting carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, organic pollutants, and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These gases can have chronic health affects like skin rashes, irritation of eyes, and respiratory problems. There is a growing concern for development of sustainable waste tire disposable methods. Tire being a polymer can be subjected to pyrolysis process to derive feedstock materials. It was found by many researchers that the products from pyrolysis can be used in different applications. There are three main products of pyrolysis of tires, namely gaseous products, liquid products, and the solid product called as char. These products when collected properly could be used for various other purposes. The gaseous products mainly consist of hydrogen, lighter hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide. These gases have the potential to generate energy. The liquid products when distilled produce gasoline like fuel and diesel like fuel. Char being porous can act as a gasification catalyst and when upgraded can be used to generate carbon black (CB) which is reutilized in manufacturing of tires. Also, for tire pyrolysis to be a sustainable process for disposing tires, hybrid technologies at industrial scale have to be explored. This paper provides an insight on tire pyrolysis processes and a detailed overview on latest research being done on the products of pyrolysis stating the use of these products to make the pyrolysis process economically viable.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

CB:

Carbon black

HC:

Hydrocarbons

MCM:

Mobile composition of matter

PAH:

Poly-aromatic hydrocarbons

TG:

Thermo gravimetric

TPO:

Tire pyrolysis oil

References

  1. Pilusa J, Shukla M, Muzenda E (2014) Economic assessment of waste tyres pyrolysis technology: a case study for Gauteng Province, South Africa. Int J Res Chem Metall Civ Eng 1(1): 1442–1450

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ahoor AH, Zandi-Atashbar N (2014) Fuel production based on catalytic pyrolysis of waste tires as an optimized model. Energy Convers Manag 653–669

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lopez G et al (2017) Waste truck-tyre processing by flash pyrolysis in a conical spouted bed reactor. Energy Convers Manag 523–532

    Google Scholar 

  4. Choi G-G, Jung S-H, Oh S-J, Kim J-S (2014) Total utilization of waste tire rubber through pyrolysis to obtain oils. Fuel Process Technol 57–64

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hadi P et al (2016) Sustainable development of tyre char-based activated carbons with. J Environ Manag 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  6. Juma M et al (2006) Pyrolysis and combustion of scrap tire. Pet Coal 48(1):15–26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Arabiourrutia M et al (2008) HZSM-5 and HY zeolite catalyst performance in the pyrolysis of tires in a conical spouted bed reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 7600–7609

    Google Scholar 

  8. Shah J, Jan MR, Mabood F (2009) Recovery of value-added products from the catalytic pyrolysis of waste tyre. Energy Convers Manag 991–994

    Google Scholar 

  9. Williams PT, Besler S, Taylor DT (1990) The pyrolysis of scrap automotive tyres: the influence of temperature and heating rate on product composition. Fuel 1474–1482

    Google Scholar 

  10. Witpathomwong C, Longloilert R, Wongkasemjit S, Jitkarnka S (2011) Improving light olefins and light oil production using Ru/MCM-48 in catalytic pyrolysis of waste tire. Energy Procedia 245–251

    Google Scholar 

  11. Trongyong S, Jitkarnka S (2016) Enhanced sulphur removal from tyre-derived oil using aluminosilicate MCM-48 with pyrolysis of waste tyres. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 684

    Google Scholar 

  12. Martínez JD et al (2014) Performance and emissions of an automotive diesel engine using a tire pyrolysis liquid blend. Fuel 490–499

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wang J et al (2017) Co-pyrolysis of bamboo residual with waste tire over dual catalytic stage of CaO and co-modified HZSM-5. Energy 90–98

    Google Scholar 

  14. Frigo S, Seggiani M, Puccini M, Vitolo S (2014) Liquid fuel production from waste tyre pyrolysis and its utilisation in a Diesel engine. Fuel 399–408

    Google Scholar 

  15. Vihar R, Seljak T, Opresnik SR, Katrasnik T (2015) Combustion characteristics of tire pyrolysis oil in turbo charged compression ignition engine. Fuel 226–235

    Google Scholar 

  16. Murugan S, Ramaswamy MC, Nagarajan G (2008) A comparative study on the performance, emission and combustion studies of a DI diesel engine using distilled tyre pyrolysis oil–diesel blends. Fuel 2111–2121

    Google Scholar 

  17. Koc AB, Abdullah M (2014) Performance of a 4-cylinder diesel engine running on tire oil–biodiesel–diesel blend. Fuel Process Technol 264–269

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hariharan S, Murugan S, Nagarajan G (2013) Effect of diethyl ether on tyre pyrolysis oil fueled diesel engine. Fuel 109–115

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sharma A, Murugan S (2013) Investigation on the behaviour of a DI diesel engine fueled with jatropha methyl ester (JME) and tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) blends. Fuel 699–708

    Google Scholar 

  20. Tudu K, Murugan S, Patel SK (2016) Effect of diethyl ether in a DI diesel engine run on a tyre derived fuel-diesel blend. J Energy Inst 525–35

    Google Scholar 

  21. Boxiong S et al (2007) Pyrolysis of waste tyres with zeolite USY and ZSM-5 catalysts. Appl Catal B Environ 150–157

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dũng NA, Klaewkla R, Wongkasemjit S, Jitkarnka S (2009) Light olefins and light oil production from catalytic pyrolysis of waste tire. J Anal Appl Pyrol 281–286

    Google Scholar 

  23. Song Z et al (2017) Gaseous products evolution during microwave pyrolysis of tire powders. Int J Hydrogen Energy (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Laresgoiti MF et al (2000) Chromatographic analysis of the gases obtained in tyre pyrolysis. J Anal Appl Pyrol 43–54

    Google Scholar 

  25. Leung DYC et al (2002) Pyrolysis of tire powder: influence of operation variables on the composition and yields of gaseous product. Fuel Process Technol 141–155

    Google Scholar 

  26. Elbaba IF, Williams PT (2012) Two stage pyrolysis-catalytic gasification of waste tyres: influence of process parameters. Appl Catal B Environ 136–143

    Google Scholar 

  27. Mozafari A, Tabrizi F, Farsi M, Mousavi SAHS (2017) Thermodynamic modeling and optimization of thermolysis and air gasification of waste tire. J Anal Appl Pyrol (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kaewluan S, Pipatmanomai S (2011) Gasification of high moisture rubber woodchip with rubber waste in a bubbling fluidized bed. Fuel Process Technol 92(3):671–677

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Seng-eiad S, Jitkarnka S (2016) Untreated and HNO3-treated pyrolysis char as catalysts for pyrolysisof waste tire: in-depth analysis of tire-derived products and charcharacterization. J Anal Appl Pyrol

    Google Scholar 

  30. Al-Rahbi AS, Williams PT (2017) Hydrogen-rich syngas production and tar removal from biomass. Appl Energy 501–509

    Google Scholar 

  31. Martínez JD, Murillo R, Garcia T (2013) Production of carbon black from the waste tires. Research Gate

    Google Scholar 

  32. Lopez G et al (2009) Steam activation of pyrolytic tyre char at different temperatures. J Anal Appl Pyrol 539–543

    Google Scholar 

  33. Fouladi Tajar A, Kaghazchi T, Soleimani M (2009) Adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solutions on sulfurized activated carbon prepared from nut shells. Hazard Matter 165:1159–1164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Luo S, Feng Y (2017) The production of fuel oil and combustible gas by catalytic pyrolysis of waste tire using waste heat of blast-furnace slag. Energy Convers Manag 136:27–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Williams PT, Brindle AJ (2002) Catalytic pyrolysis of tyres: influence of catalyst temperature. Fuel 2425–2434

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kordoghli S et al (2017) Impact of different catalysis supported by oyster shells on the pyrolysis of tyre wastes in a single and a double fixed bed reactor. Waste Manag (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Aylón E et al (2010) Valorisation of waste tyre by pyrolysis in a moving bed reactor. Waste Manag 30(7):1220–1224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Berrueco C et al (2005) Pyrolysis of waste tyres in an atmospheric static-bed batch reactor: analysis of the gases obtained. J Anal Appl Pyrol 74(1–2):245–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Dı́ez C, Martı́nez O, Calvo LF, Morán A (2004) Pyrolysis of tyres. Influence of the final temperature of the process on emissions and the calorific value of the products recovered. Waste Manag 24(5): 463–69

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kyari M, Cunliffe A, Williams PT (2005) Characterization of oils, gases, and char in relation to the pyrolysis of different brands of scrap automotive tires. Energy Fuels 19:1165–1173

    Google Scholar 

  41. López FA, Centeno TA, Alguacil FJ, Lobato B (2011) Distillation of granulated scrap tires in a pilot plant. J Hazard Mater 190(1–3):285–292

    Google Scholar 

  42. Ucar S, Karagoz S, Ozkan AR, Yanik J (2005) Evaluation of two different scrap tires as hydrocarbon source by pyrolysis. Fuel 84(14–15):1884–1892

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Nano Science and Technology, NIT Calicut, Calicut, 673601, Kerala, India

    Raghuram Kommineni, Hemanth Boddapu & Shijo Thomas

Authors
  1. Raghuram Kommineni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hemanth Boddapu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shijo Thomas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shijo Thomas .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Nikhil Sharma

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Avinash Kumar Agarwal

  3. Dunton Technical Centre, Ford Motor Company Limited, Basildon, Essex, United Kingdom

    Peter Eastwood

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Tarun Gupta

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Akhilendra P Singh

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kommineni, R., Boddapu, H., Thomas, S. (2018). Scope of Pyrolysis Process as a Sustainable Method to Dispose Waste Tires: A Review. In: Sharma, N., Agarwal, A., Eastwood, P., Gupta, T., Singh, A. (eds) Air Pollution and Control. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7185-0_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation