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Bone Scan Index as a Biomarker of Bone Metastasis

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Hormone Therapy and Castration Resistance of Prostate Cancer

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Abstract

Bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer can be screened and followed up using bone scintigraphy, and the role of quantitative bone imaging has recently become important. The bone scan index (BSI) is defined as the amount (%) of bone metastasis to the whole-body bones determined using an artificial neural network (ANN). It is currently recognized as a reproducible and practical means of quantifying bone metastasis and as an imaging biomarker of bone metastasis. This chapter summarizes the principles and application of BSI determined using dedicated software (EXINI bone in Europe and North America; BONENAVI in Japan), and its advantages and disadvantages. The BSI could serve as a reliable marker of disease progression and treatment effects as well as a prognostic indicator. The index can also reflect the effects of new drugs and internal radiation therapy on bone metastasis and help in its management.

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Abbreviations

ANN:

Artificial neural network

BSI:

Bone scan index

mCRPC:

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

MDP:

Methylenediphosphonate

OS:

Overall survival

PSA:

Prostate-specific antigen

ROC:

Receiver operating characteristics

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

    Kenichi Nakajima

  2. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Lars Edenbrandt

Authors
  1. Kenichi Nakajima
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  2. Lars Edenbrandt
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kenichi Nakajima .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

    Yoichi Arai

  2. Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

    Osamu Ogawa

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Nakajima, K., Edenbrandt, L. (2018). Bone Scan Index as a Biomarker of Bone Metastasis. In: Arai, Y., Ogawa, O. (eds) Hormone Therapy and Castration Resistance of Prostate Cancer. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7013-6_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7013-6_18

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7012-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7013-6

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