Abstract
Agriculture has been the primary source of food and nutrients for mankind since ancient civilization. Increase in world population has necessitatedthe use of modern technologies such as biotechnology and nanotechnologyin agricultural sciences to enhance its productivity as well as quality. The article attempts to highlight some of the most promising and important applications of nanotechnology in agriculture; and also recommends strategies for advancing the best scientific and technological knowledge presently being used to overcome its limitations for large scale application. Nanotechnology provides new agrochemical agents and new delivery mechanisms to improve crop productivity and also promising methods to reduce pesticide use. Recent advancements in nanoscience have great impact on agricultural practices and food industry. Nanotechnology can enhance agricultural production through different approaches and techniques such as nanoformulations of agrochemicals , nanosensors/nanobiosensors, genetic manipulation of crops through nanodevices, nanocomposites or nanobio-composites, hydroponics, organic farming, health and breeding of animal/ poultry and also through postharvest management with smarter, stronger, cost-effective packaging materials. The adverse impact that might occur to the human health, as well as the surrounding ecology or ecosystem could be minimized by following precautionary rules associated with nanotechnology. Moreover restricting the use of chemical fertilizers, soil degradation and importantly curbing of wastage of food can lead to a hunger free world. Development of plants having disease resistance, plants producing essential vitamins, proteins and hormones, plus their better preservation, packaging, transport and delivery are further required for survival and prosperity of the human race in the planet earth.
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Acknowledgements
Authors are grateful to Dr. Leonardo F. Fraceto of Department of Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University, Sorocaba, Brazil for giving permission to include their Fig. 1.1 (as Fig. 1.2) and to Dr. Claudia Parisi of European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), Edificio Expo, C/ Inca Garcilaso3, 41,092 Seville, Spain for giving permission to include their table (as Table 1.2) in the current chapter. We are also grateful to Frontiers in Environmental Science and Nano Today journal for permission to include the figure and table under creative commons open access licence.
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Kerry, R.G., Gouda, S., Das, G., Vishnuprasad, C.N., Patra, J.K. (2017). Agricultural Nanotechnologies: Current Applications and Future Prospects. In: Patra, J., Vishnuprasad, C., Das, G. (eds) Microbial Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6847-8_1
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