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Systemic Infectious Diseases

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Retinal and Choroidal Imaging in Systemic Diseases

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Abstract

Systemic infectious diseases can affect various organ systems including the ocular tissue. Organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites can disseminate from their systemic foci of infection and involve the retinal and the choroid. Retinochoroidal involvement due to systemic infectious conditions can present with protean clinical manifestations and can often result in a diagnostic challenge. Often, these entities can present with unusual ocular findings. Thus, the clinician may need advanced laboratory support including analysis of ocular fluids and/or tissues to establish accurate diagnosis. In the past few decades, there have been numerous advances in the field of ocular imaging. With the introduction of newer imaging modalities such as enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography and ultrawide-field fundus photography, it is possible to obtain high-quality near-histological images of the retina and choroid. Such observations can greatly aid the clinician in establishing the diagnosis early. In the index chapter, infectious chorioretinal diseases such as tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, Lyme disease, and syphilis have been described with an emphasis on their clinical and imaging features.

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The authors have no financial disclosure/proprietary interest. No conflicting relationship exists for any author.

This work was partly supported by a grant from the Department of Science and Technology, India, for the development of Centre of Excellence at the Advanced Eye Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh.

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  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Aniruddha Agarwal & Vishali Gupta

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  1. Aniruddha Agarwal
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  2. Vishali Gupta
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Correspondence to Vishali Gupta .

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  1. L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India

    Jay Chhablani

  2. Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India

    Parthopratim Dutta Majumder

  3. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    J. Fernando Arevalo

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Agarwal, A., Gupta, V. (2018). Systemic Infectious Diseases. In: Chhablani, J., Majumder, P., Arevalo, J. (eds) Retinal and Choroidal Imaging in Systemic Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5461-7_9

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