Skip to main content

Internet Sex Chatting and “Vernacular Masculinity” Among Hong Kong Youth

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Learning Bodies

Part of the book series: Perspectives on Children and Young People ((PCYP,volume 2))

Abstract

Through examining the highly popular practice of internet-based “sex chatting,” this work attempts to theorize the rapidly changing forms, norms, and values of sex as an important facet of internet chatting culture. Internet-based “sex chat” refers to the casual exchange of vernacular views about sexual beliefs, rumors, and behavior. Sociological, popular culture, and gender studies have suggested that internet-based social chatting about sex is an informal social practice pursued mainly by men, and as such, the chat room or forum is considered a space for the ongoing construction of particular modes of masculinity. This study is grounded in a detailed empirical netnographic study of the Hong Kong Golden Forum (GF), a highly popular internet chat site in a city known to have a vibrant culture of internet forum chatting. After investigating the main recurring themes in sex chatting conducted in GF, and the specificities of the language used by the chatters (including written and visual slangs, metaphors, tones, and registers), I ask how the themes and language of “sex chat” contribute to the construction of a “vernacular masculine culture” specific to youth culture in Hong Kong. Like a colloquial language, the notion of “vernacular masculinity” speaks the idiom of the curious, the obscene, and even the vulgar. It is hoped that this ethnographic study helps to reframe our theoretical and political understanding of sexual values shaped by a profoundly quotidian source of meaning-making.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    In this project, I forgo the idea of recruiting the chatters for face-to-face interview, because that would have significantly lengthened the project. Besides, this project’s precepts rest in examining sexual speech and a masculine culture that arise from the modalities of chatting, and not from offline follow-up reflections.

  2. 2.

    The practice of silent observation, or “lurking,” complies with the existing practices endorsed by other netnographers. For instance, that have advocated beginning a participation observation study of online phenomena by “lurking” first.  These two researchers used lurking to gain information about consumer’s boycotting behavior. The initial period of observation, in fact, gave them information that they then used to create interview questions. In the same vein, in Shoham’s (2004) ethnographic study of Israeli chat rooms, he first lurked then gain the chatters’ trust, then introduced himself as a newcomer to the community engaged in netnographic research.

  3. 3.

    This icon is originally used in the Snitz Forum 2000 developed by an American company Snitz Communications. The Golden Forum at that period used the same forum operational program so the icon could also be used by Golden users. Those who did not know about this history would think that this icon was created by the Golden Forum. Nevertheless the icon has since been widely used by Golden users and it is now recognized as the representing icon of the forum (http://evchk.wikia.com/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%91icon).

  4. 4.

    The phrase “不考有三, 無 seed 為大” is a modification from the old saying of Mencius: “不孝有三, 無後為大” (“There are three infilial acts and the most infilial act is not to have an offspring.”), a creative connection of the act of sharing sexual materials with traditional Chinese ethics of filial piety. The phrase “借你老母一用” (“Please let me borrow your mother for a while.”) is another way of saying “fuck you,” since in Cantonese the expression “fuck you” is the same as saying “fuck your mother.” In this way, to say“let me borrow your mother for a while [so I can fuck her]” is just a playful way of saying “fuck your mother”.

  5. 5.

    Our research shows that there is another popular forum that has active (self-proclaimed) females to initiate and participate in sex chats. In the “3boys2girls” forum, there is a specific channel allocated to chatting about female sex known as “Sex issues—female physiology” (性事—女性生理). Most of the conversation in this channel involve female participation with topics centering on curiosity about sex and the body.

  6. 6.

    In many occasions, the non-professionally made amateur videos were intended for self consumption only. The private sex footages were captured by personal phones with cameras and other portable recording devices. Once these phones or devices were lost the videos in them might be obtained by others and often they would be posted and circulated on the internet. As these videos are portraits of “real” sexual images, they garner a hieghtened attention among the forum chatters.

  7. 7.

    Although there are no set criteria for the actresses to be identified as “Goddesses” among young males in Hong Kong, most of them would attain such status if they are fantasised to be “girlfriend-able” as well as enjoyable sexually. Therefore they would have attributes that can be desirable both as a girlfriend and a sex partner such as having a pretty but not too exotic face, nice personality, a bit of innocence; attractive but not over-exaggerating body figure with long legs, white skin and medium-sized breasts. Nevertheless it is difficult to define how a female celebrity would be turned into a Goddess and they could be in very different types of women catering to different tastes of these male chatters. In this way, Fala Chen mataches many of these qualities, and became wildly popular on GF and other chatsites. Other widely acknowledged Goddesses include Suki Chui (TV actress), Kay Tse (pop singer), Karena Lam (movie star), etc.

  8. 8.

    See the media coverage (in Chinese) of the transformation of Dongguan Woods from a GF post into a popular film: http://www1.hk.apple.nextmedia.com/template/apple/art_main.php?iss_id=20120313&sec_id=462&art_id=16150337).

References

  • Adamse, M., & Motta, S. (1996). Online friendship, chat-room romance, and cybersex: Your guide to affairs of the Net. Deerfield Beach, Fla.: Health Communications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexa. (2009). Top Sites in Hong Kong. Available in http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/HK. Accessed January 18, 2015.

  • Attwood, F. (2006). Sexed up: Theorizing the sexualization of culture. Sexualities, 9(1), 77–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowring, L. (Ed.). (2005). Searching for intimacy: Pornography, the internet and the XXX factor. Milton Keynes: Authentic Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Del-Teso-Craviotto, M. (2008). Gender and sexual identity authentication in language use: the case of chatrooms. Discourse Studies, 10(2), 251–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enns, A. (2000). The spectacle of disabled masculinity in John Woo’s “heroic bloodshed” films. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 17(2), 137–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, R. (2012). The sexualisation of culture? Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6(7), 483–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, A. C., Stanlee, A., Bechkoff, J., & Cui, Y. (2009). Ethnographic approaches to the internet and computer-mediated communication. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 38(1), 52–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, A. (2003). Research practice for cultural studies: Ethnographic methods and lived cultures. London: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, P. M., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2003). Online discourse in a teen chatroom: New codes and new modes of coherence in a visual medium. Applied Developmental Psychology, 24, 713–738.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kammeyer, K. C. W. (2008). A hypersexual society: Sexual discourse, erotica, and pornography in America today. New York: Plagrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kozinets, R. V. (2002). The field behind the screen: Using netnography for marketing research in online communities. Journal of Marketing Research, XXXIX, 61–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langer, R., & Beckman, S. C. (2005). Sensitive research topics: Netnography revisited. Qualitative Market Research, 8(2), 189–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, A., & Tong, A. (2007). Crossing boundaries: Male consumption of Korean TV dramas and negotiation of gender relations in modern day Hong Kong. Journal of Gender Studies, 16(3), 217–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lo, K. (1996). Muscles and subjectivity: A short history of the masculine body in Hong Kong popular culture. Camera Obscura 104–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Riordan, K., & Phillips, D. J. (Eds.). (2007). Queer online: Media technology and sexuality. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray, A. (2007). Naked on the Internet: Hookups, downloads, and cashing in on Internet sexploration. Emeryville, CA: Seal Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ringrose, J., Harvey, L., Gill, R., & Livingstone, S. (2013). Teen girls, sexual double standards and ‘sexting’: Gendered value in digital image exchange. Feminist Theory, 14(3), 305–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saukko, P. (2003). Doing research in cultural studies. London: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Shu, Y. (2003). Reading the kung fu film in an American context; from Bruce Lee to Jackie Chan. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 31(2): 50–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soukup, C. (1999). The gendered interactional patterns of computer-mediated chatooms: A critical ethnographic study. The Information Society, 15, 169–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shoham, A. (2004). Flow experiences and image making: An online chat-room ethnography. Psychology and Marketing, 21(10), 855–882.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walstrom, M. K. (2004). Ethics and engagement in communication scholarship: Analyzing public online support groups as researcher/participant-experiencer. In E. Buchanan (Ed.), Readings in virtual research ethics: Issues and controversies (pp. 174–202). Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Waskul, D. D. (2003). Self-games and body-play: Personhood in online chat and cybersex. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waskul, D. D (2004). Net.seXXX: Readings on sex, pornography, and the Internet. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolak, J., Finkelhor, D., Mitchell, K., & Ybarra, M. (2008). Online ‘predators’ and their victims: Myths, realities, and implications for prevention and treatment. The American Psychologist, 63(2), 111–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, S. M., & Chan, K. (2005). Advertising appeals and cultural values in television commercials: A comparison of Hong Kong and Korea. International Marketing Review, 22(1), 48–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Further Reading

  • Ha, C. L., Lam, Y. B., & Ng, W. W. (夏志禮, 林彥邦 & 伍瑋瑋) (2009, May 4). Youngsters’ ‘Mars language’ developed on the Internet: Parents should learn to pick up some (網絡潮語親子現數碼鴻溝青少年「火星文」家長勿逃避宜了解). Hong Kong Economic Times, p. A17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau, K. L. (劉家莉) (2010, September 17). New illiteracy in the computer age: Typing yes but writing no (電腦時代新文盲會打不會寫). Takungpao, p. A21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leung, M. F. (梁美芬) (2010, November 1). Unfriendly on the internet (網絡絕交). Hong Kong Economic Times, p. C08.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ling, M. (凌薇) (2009, November 6). Internet slangs: Vast and wuick changes, difficult to regulate (網語來去勿勿更新換代頻繁難以規範). Takungpao, p. A35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lui, W. C. (呂瑋宗) (2010, February 22). Building a respectful and moral internet world (非禮勿言社交有禮齊建網上媒體守則). Wenweipo, p. C03.

    Google Scholar 

  • N.A. (2009a, May 4). Using internet slangs to keep up with the times (用網語才跟得上時代). Hong Kong Economic Times, p. A17.

    Google Scholar 

  • N.A. (2009b, September 3). Hong Kong Poisonous Male saga (香港毒男烈傳). Next Magazine, p. A046–048.

    Google Scholar 

  • N.A. (2009c, September 18). Strange homonyms (古怪諧音自成一格). Takungpao, p. A30.

    Google Scholar 

  • N.A. (2009d, December 13). Popular slangs: Grassroots or offensive (流行語通俗還是褻瀆). Hong Kong Daily News, p. A09.

    Google Scholar 

  • N.A. (2009e, December 31). Chinese territories popular slangs on the rise in 2009 (兩岸四地09最潮用語 模 動新聞 升呢…). Apple Daily, p. A01.

    Google Scholar 

  • N.A. (2010a, June 16). Threat of rape: Legislator Emily Lau reports to police (網民恐嚇「強姦」劉慧卿報警). Wenweipo, p. A15.

    Google Scholar 

  • N.A. (2010b, July 4). 30 % of secondary school students experience cyber-bullying (三成中學生受網絡欺凌). Apple Daily, p. A12.

    Google Scholar 

  • N.A. (2010c, October 7). Problematic social networking on the internet: Sharp rise in sexual harrassment cases on the net, up 20 % in the first 8 months, with most victims being school students (網上誤交友 非禮案急增 首八月增兩成 受害人多為學生). Takungpao, p. A21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tung, Y. S. (童粵生) (2010, July 29). Princess sickness (公主病). Hong Kong Daily News, p. C06.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John Nguyet Erni .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Erni, J.N. (2016). Internet Sex Chatting and “Vernacular Masculinity” Among Hong Kong Youth. In: Coffey, J., Budgeon, S., Cahill, H. (eds) Learning Bodies. Perspectives on Children and Young People, vol 2. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0306-6_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0306-6_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-0304-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-0306-6

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics