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Sonic Cichlids

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The Behavior, Ecology and Evolution of Cichlid Fishes

Part of the book series: Fish & Fisheries Series ((FIFI,volume 40))

Abstract

Bioacoustics has become a key feature of cichlid behavioral studies over the last 20 years, due in large part to new technologies and software. The hypothesis that some cichlid species produce species-specific sounds is gaining support with data from several studies. Sounds are specific to behavioral context for many species. Cichlids are advanced teleost fishes possessing a complex pharyngeal jaw. This morphological feature has been proposed as the key functional innovation responsible for the evolutionary success and explosive adaptive radiation of the group. This evolutionary success has been mostly attributed to their expanded adaptability to process a wide variety of food types due to the capability of thoroughly grinding food in the pharyngeal apparatus, an ability that most other fishes lack. The evidence regarding the role of the pharyngeal jaw complex in sound production is evaluated, and suggests that this same morphology enables cichlids to produce a complex and varied acoustic repertoire. Although, the sonic mechanism may be more complex morphologically than just the pharyngeals clacking. More studies are needed to carefully document the sounds correlated to specific behaviors of cichlids and to statistically examine the species specificity of sympatric species sounds. Future research is needed that experimentally tests the response of female fish to acoustic playback combined with visual and chemical cues in order to determine how critical sound communication is to the sympatric evolution of cichlid species.

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Acknowledgments

We thank our Lab colleagues for their help and advice: Katie Mosharo, Lisa Lobel, David Mann, David Portnoy, and Janelle Morano. We also thank our many other colleagues for great discussions about cichlid sounds and evolution ; especially A Bass, C Amorim, M Fine, L Kaufman, the late I Kornfield, F Ladich, G Lauder, the late K Liem, K McKaye, and J Stauffer. The cichlid literature database is part of a more extensive fish acoustics inventory lovingly maintained for decades by Ingrid Kaatz. Acoustic research in the Lobel Lab was funded by the Army Research Office (DAAG-55-98-1-0304) and the Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program (W912D4-06-2-0017, DACA87-01-H-0013) and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-91-J-1591 N00014-92-J-1969, MO 14-95-1-1324). Field research in Lake Malawi was funded by the World Wildlife Fund - U.S. (grant No. 6129). Logistic support was provided by the Malawi Parks and Wildlife Service, Lake Malawi National Park, and the World Wildlife Fund Lake Malawi Education Center.

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  1. Dept of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    Phillip S. Lobel

  2. Department of Ecological Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA

    James G. Garner

  3. Stamford, CT, USA

    Ingrid M. Kaatz

  4. Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Aaron N. Rice

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Correspondence to Phillip S. Lobel .

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  1. Department of Biology, Simmons University, Boston, USA

    Maria E. Abate

  2. Fisheries & Wildlife Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA

    David L.G. Noakes

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Lobel, P.S., Garner, J.G., Kaatz, I.M., Rice, A.N. (2021). Sonic Cichlids. In: Abate, M.E., Noakes, D.L. (eds) The Behavior, Ecology and Evolution of Cichlid Fishes. Fish & Fisheries Series, vol 40. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2080-7_13

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