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The Surface Mass Balance of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf and Ward Hunt Ice Rise, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada

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Arctic Ice Shelves and Ice Islands

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Abstract

This chapter chronicles the mass balance and thickness of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf and Ward Hunt Ice Rise, Ellesmere Island, Canada (1952–2008). The surface mass balance of the ice shelf and ice rise followed the mass balance changes of other monitored Canadian Arctic glaciers, but their overall mass losses have been comparatively low due to their proximity to the Arctic Ocean. Nevertheless, thinning of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf via surface and basal melting has reduced its structural integrity as evidenced by the large-scale breakup of its eastern section between 2008 and 2011. In this context basal melting is considerably more significant in terms of overall ice shelf thickness and stability than the associated surface mass losses. The Ward Hunt Ice Shelf cannot readily reform again unless climatic conditions deteriorate for a prolonged period of time. The other remaining Canadian Arctic ice shelves appear to be in a similar situation as open water conditions on the Arctic Ocean become more prevalent and the dynamic stresses on the ice shelves related to wind, wave, and tidal action increase. This will eventually leave the Ward Hunt Ice Rise as one of the last remnants of Peary’s ‘Glacial Fringe’ along the northern coast of Ellesmere Island, although its long-term survival is also threatened by current and predicted climatic change. A comprehensive measurement and modeling program is urgently needed to document and better understand the behaviour of these unique ice masses.

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Acknowledgments

Research was supported by a U.S. National Science Foundation Grant (OPP-9819362) to the University of Massachusetts, and by Parks Canada (Nunavut Field Unit). I thank Martin Jeffries (University of Alaska) for generously sharing H. Serson’s original notes and tables. The thoughtful and detailed comments of two reviewers greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. Finally, my sincere thanks to the late Fritz Koerner for his support and encouragement over the years.

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  1. Geography and Regional Planning Department, Westfield State University, Westfield, MA, USA

    Carsten Braun

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Correspondence to Carsten Braun .

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  1. Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Luke Copland

  2. Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Derek Mueller

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Braun, C. (2017). The Surface Mass Balance of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf and Ward Hunt Ice Rise, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. In: Copland, L., Mueller, D. (eds) Arctic Ice Shelves and Ice Islands. Springer Polar Sciences. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1101-0_6

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