Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Process Optimization, Empirical Modeling and Characterization of Biodiesel from Cottonseed Oil

  • Conference paper
Transactions on Engineering Technologies

Abstract

The optimization of biodiesel production from a Typical Nigerian cottonseed oil using sodium hydroxide as catalyst is presented. 23 factorial design was employed to study the combined effect of temperature (40–60 °C), mole ratio of methanol to oil (6:1–8:1) and catalyst concentration (0.5–1.0 wt%). The optimum yield of 96.23 wt% was obtained at 0.5% w/v potassium hydroxide at a temperature of 40 °C and Molar ratio of 6:1 for 90 min. A Model equation that shows the relationship between biodiesel yield and process variables was developed using a statistical tool. Statistical Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data shows that molar ratio has the most pronounced positive effect on the biodiesel yield. The methyl ester was characterized and all the properties were consistent with the ASTM standard.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bugaje, I.M., Mohammed, I.A.: Biofuel Production Technology, 1st edn, pp. 1–65. Science and Technology Forum (STF), Zaria (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Tashtoush, G.M., Al-widyan, M.H., Al-shyoukh, A.O.: Experimental study on evaluation and optimization of waste animal fat into biodiesel. Energy Convers. Manag. 45, 2679–711 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Demirbas, A.: Global biofuel strategies. Energy Edu. Sci. Technol. 17, 27–63 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Umaru, M., Aboje, A.A., Mohammed Ibrahim, A., Aliyu, A.M., Munir, S.M., Aminat Olaibi, O.: The effect of process variables on the transesterification of refined cottonseed oil. Lecture Notes in Systems Biology and Bioengineering: Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2014, vol. I, pp. 622–624. WCE, London, 2–4 July 2014

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sadiq Muhammad, M., Umaru, M., Mohammed Ibrahim. A., Aliyu Musa, A., Oyiza M.R.: Influence of process parameters on solid state fermentation of pineapple pomace for bioethanol production. 7th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Protection, Dubai, 23–25 Nov 2014

    Google Scholar 

  6. Demirbas, A.: Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods: a survey. Energy Convers. Manag. 44, 2093–2109 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bozbas, K.: Biodiesel as an alternative motor fuel. 2006 production and polices in the European Union. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. dio:10.1016/j.reser.2005.06 (2005)

  8. Refaat, A.A., Attia, N.K., Sibak, H.A., El-Sheltawy, S.T., Eldiwani, G.I.: Production optimization and quality of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 5(1), 75–82 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhang, Y., Dube, M.A., Mclean, D.D., Kates, M.: Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Bioresour. Technol. 90, 299–2240 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lim, S., Hoong, S.S., Teon, L.K., Bhatia, S.: Supercritical fluid extraction of Jatropha curcas oil L. seed with methanol: a novel biodiesel production method. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 7169–7172 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kansedo, J., Lee, K.T., Bhatia, S.: Cerbraodollam (sea mango) oil as a promising non edible feedstock for biodiesel production. Energy Fuel 88, 1148–1150 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Deng, X., Fang, Z., Liu, Y.-H., Yu, C.-L.: Production of biodiesel from jatropha oil catalyzed by nano solid basic catalyst. Energy, homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy (2011)

  13. Umaru, M., Aberuagba, F.: Characteristics of a typical Nigerian Jatropha curcas oil seeds for biodiesel production. Res. J. Chem. Sci. 2(10), 7–12 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ma, F., Hanna, M.A.: Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresour. Technol. J. 70, 1–15 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Orhevba, B.A., Efomah, A.N.: Extraction and characterization of cottonseed (Gossypium) Oil. Int. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 1(2), 398–402 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mohammed Ibrahim, A., Umaru, M., Sadiq Muhammad, M., Aliyu Musa, A., Bawa, A.A., Isah, A.G., Ronke.:, Effect of catalyst type and concentration on biodiesel yield and quality. 3rd Biennial Engineering Conference, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, pp. 233–238. Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano- Minna, 14–16 May 2013

    Google Scholar 

  17. Abdulwakil, M.D., Ahmed, Z.U., Rahman, H., Arifuzzaman, M.D.: Study on fuel properties of various vegetable oil available in Bangladesh for biodiesel production. J. Mech. Eng. 2(5), 10–17 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Royon, D., Daz, M., Ellenrieder, G., Locatelli, S.: Enzymatic production of biodiesel from cotton seed oil using t-butanol as a solvent. Bioresour. Technol. 98, 648–653 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Demirbas, A.: Studies on cottonseed oil biodiesel prepared in non-catalytic SCF conditions. Bioresour. Technol. 99(5), 1125–1130 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Qian, J., Wang, F., Liu, S., Yun, Z.: In situ alkaline transesterification of cottonseed oil for production of biodiesel and nontoxic cottonseed meal. Bio Resour. Technol. 99(18), 9009–9012 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Rashid, U., Anwar, F., Knothe, G.: Evaluation of biodiesel obtained from cottonseed oil. Fuel Process. Technol. 90(9), 1157–1163 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Xiaohu Fan, Xi Wang, Feng Chen: Biodiesel Production from Crude cottonseed oil: an optimization process using response surface methodology. Open Fuel. Energy Sci. J. 4, 1–8 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Özçimen, D., Yücel, S.: Novel methods in biodiesel production. In: Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes (ed.) Biofuel’s Engineering Process Technology. ISBN: 978-953-307-480-1, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/biofuel-s-engineering-process-technology/novel-methods-in-biodiesel-production (2011)

  24. Živorad, R.L.: Design of Experiments in Chemical Engineering, pp. 154–158. WILY. VCH. VerlagGmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gerpen, J.V., Shanks, B., Pruszko, R., Clements, D., Knothe, G.: Biodiesel Analytical Methods. NREL/SR-510-36240, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lalita, A., Sukunya, M., Peesamai, J.: Factors affecting the synthesis of biodiesel from crude palm kernel oil. The Joint International Conference on “Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE)”, pp. 359–361. Hua Hin (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Freedman, B., Pryde, E.H., Mounts, T.L.: Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 61, 1638–43 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Vicente, C., Coteron, A., Martinez, M., Aracil, J.: Application of the factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology to optimize biodiesel production. Ind. Crop Prod. 8, 29–35 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Patil, P.D., Deng, S.: Optimization of biodiesel production from edible and non edible vegetable oils. Fuel 88(7), 1302–1306 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Anya, U.A., Nwobia, C.N., Ofoegbu, O.: Optimized reduction of free fatty acid content on neem seed oil for biodiesel production. J. Basic Appl. Chem. 2(4), 21–28 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Bello, E.I., Makanju, A.: Production, characterization and evaluation of castor oil biodiesel as alternative fuel for diesel engines. J. Emerg. Trends Eng. Appl. Sci. 2(3), 525–530 (2011). Scholarlink Research Institute Journals, (ISSN: 2141–7016)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Demirbas, A: Characterization of biodiesel fuels. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, Energy Sources, Part A 31, 889–896 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Bajpai, D., Tyagi, V.K.: Biodiesel: sources, production, composition, properties and its benefits. J. Oleo Sci. 55(10), 487–506 (2006). ISSN 1345 – 8957 print/ISSN 1347 – 3352 online

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Mohammed, I.A., Musa, U., Onifade, K.R., Aberuagba, F.: Fuel properties of Nigerian castor seed oil biodiesel. 3rd Biennial Engineering Conference, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, pp. 239–246. Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano- Minna, 14–16 May 2013

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to acknowledge Mr. Bulus Baba of Water Aquaculture and Fishery Technology Department, Federal University of Technology Minna, for his technical support during the course of laboratory experiments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria

    Umaru Musa, Aboje Audu Alechenu, Ibrahim Aris Mohammed, Muhammad Munir Sadiq & Aminat Oladunni Olaibi

  2. Process Systems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK

    Aliyu Musa Aliyu

Authors
  1. Umaru Musa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Aboje Audu Alechenu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ibrahim Aris Mohammed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Aliyu Musa Aliyu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Muhammad Munir Sadiq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Aminat Oladunni Olaibi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Umaru Musa .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Multimedia Engineering College of Engioneering, Mokpo National University, Chonnam, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

    Gi-Chul Yang

  2. IAENG Secretariat, International Association of Engineers, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR

    Sio-Iong Ao

  3. Dept of Applied Mathematics & Computing School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom

    Len Gelman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this paper

Cite this paper

Musa, U., Alechenu, A.A., Mohammed, I.A., Aliyu, A.M., Sadiq, M.M., Olaibi, A.O. (2015). Process Optimization, Empirical Modeling and Characterization of Biodiesel from Cottonseed Oil. In: Yang, GC., Ao, SI., Gelman, L. (eds) Transactions on Engineering Technologies. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9804-4_51

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9804-4_51

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-017-9803-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-9804-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation