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Origin of Metazoan Developmental Toolkits and Their Expression in the Fossil Record

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Evolutionary Transitions to Multicellular Life

Part of the book series: Advances in Marine Genomics ((AMGE,volume 2))

Abstract

Developmental regulatory genes (largely transcription factors and signaling pathways) were once viewed as tightly connected to the origin of the morphological features with which they are associated in bilaterians. With the increased study of basal metazoans (sponges and cnidarians) as well as other eukaryotic clades, it is now clear that many of these highly conserved genes arose much earlier in evolution, and served different biological purposes. This provides a new view of the nature of developmental toolkits associated with the early origin of Metazoa: ancient regulatory genes were only later co-opted for the various developmental roles associated with bilaterian morphology. Here we review the nature of the toolkits at the origin of Metazoa, the Placozoan-Eumetazoan last common ancestor (LCA), the Cnidarian-Bilaterian LCA, and the Protostome-Deuterostome LCA. Integrating this data with recent molecular clock results and data on the fossil record reveals long macroevolutionary lags between the origin of the molecular toolkits and their developmental potential, and the origin of crown group morphologies as documented in the fossil record.

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Acknowledgment

SMT and DHE acknowledge financial support from a NASA Astrobiology Institute grant (MIT node; to DHE).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-121, P.O. Box 37012, 20013–7012, Washington, DC, USA

    Sarah M. Tweedt & Douglas H. Erwin

  2. Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, & Systematics, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, MD, USA

    Sarah M. Tweedt

Authors
  1. Sarah M. Tweedt
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  2. Douglas H. Erwin
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Correspondence to Sarah M. Tweedt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain

    Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo

  2. Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada

    Aurora M. Nedelcu

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Tweedt, S., Erwin, D. (2015). Origin of Metazoan Developmental Toolkits and Their Expression in the Fossil Record. In: Ruiz-Trillo, I., Nedelcu, A. (eds) Evolutionary Transitions to Multicellular Life. Advances in Marine Genomics, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9642-2_3

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