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Environmental Archives of Contaminant Particles

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Environmental Contaminants

Part of the book series: Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research ((DPER,volume 18))

Abstract

Particulates in the environment may be contaminants or pollutants. They may affect climate through: the absorption of energy in the atmosphere and by reducing the albedo of ice and snow surfaces; may enhance the transfer and distribution of pollutants such as trace metals and persistent organic pollutants via absorption and adsorption to their surfaces; may adversely impact the health of aquatic life and consequently other biota that depend upon it; in the atmosphere they may have direct effects on human health via respiratory disease and the transfer of substances deep into the respiratory system. Therefore, it is important to be able to determine temporal trends in particulate emissions and deposition. Natural archives such as ice, sediment and peat cores can provide well-resolved records, but research has mainly focussed on a few particle types, and predominantly black carbon. In this chapter we review the environmental records of black carbon and other industrially-derived particles, their analysis, interpretation and relative strengths and weaknesses. Finally we consider two emerging particle types: microplastics and nanoparticles. These latter groups have, so far, received little attention from palaeoecological perspectives but their direct impacts on aquatic biota and ability to transport pollutants within the atmosphere and aquatic ecosystems is becoming increasingly apparent in the literature and are predicted to further increase in coming decades.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Hansjörg Thies, Richard Bindler and the three editors of this volume for their comments on an earlier version of this chapter. We also thank Jérémie Beghin (Unité de Paléobiogéologie—Paléobotanique—Paléopalynologie, Département de Géologie, Université de Liège) for allowing us to use his data and micrograph in Fig. 1 and Miles Irving of the Cartographic Office, Department of Geography, University College London for redrawing a number of the Figures. MR acknowledges the NordForsk Top-Level Research Initiative Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere-atmosphere interactions in a changing Arctic climate) for a fruitful working environment. MR’s work was funded by the Academy of Finland Project 257903.

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  1. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK

    Neil L. Rose

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Change Research Unit, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Meri Ruppel

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  1. Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Jules M. Blais

  2. US Geological Survey, Carson City, Nevada, USA

    Michael R. Rosen

  3. Paleoecological Environmental Assessment & Research Lab. (PEARL), Queen's University Dept. Biology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

    John P. Smol

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Rose, N., Ruppel, M. (2015). Environmental Archives of Contaminant Particles. In: Blais, J., Rosen, M., Smol, J. (eds) Environmental Contaminants. Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research, vol 18. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9541-8_9

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