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Organic Pollutants in Sediment Core Archives

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Environmental Contaminants

Part of the book series: Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research ((DPER,volume 18))

Abstract

Organic contaminant profiles in lake and marine sediment cores are important for understanding the persistence of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, as well as for evaluating the success of emission restrictions and regulations. Several different classes of organic contaminants can be reconstructed from cores. The earliest studies measured PCBs, DDT, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but paleolimnological approaches are now common for a suite of organochlorines and brominated flame retardants, as well as emerging studies on fluorinated persistent organic pollutants and historical sewage indicators (fecal sterols). In order for the history of organic contaminant inputs to be successfully reconstructed from sediment cores, the contaminant must have a high affinity for sedimentary particulates and low water solubility, ensuring its rapid delivery and incorporation into the sediment record, and minimal porewater migration once it is deposited. In addition, the compound must be resistant to microbial degradation and post-depositional transformation, so that any changes in composition and abundance down-core may be confidently attributed to changing contaminant inputs to the aquatic environment. Using several independent lines of evidence, we review the reliability of sediment cores as historical archives for organochlorines, brominated flame retardants, perfluoroalkyl substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and fecal sterols. The objective of this chapter is to provide a framework for researchers to critically evaluate the reliability of sediment cores for reflecting historical inputs of legacy and emerging organic contaminants.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Liguang Sun and Jing Huang for providing comments on early drafts of this chapter, as well as editors John Smol and Michael Rosen and two anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions have greatly improved the quality of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 30 Marie Curie Pvt, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Jennifer B. Korosi, Wenhan Cheng & Jules M. Blais

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  1. Jennifer B. Korosi
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  2. Wenhan Cheng
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  3. Jules M. Blais
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Correspondence to Jennifer B. Korosi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Jules M. Blais

  2. US Geological Survey, Carson City, Nevada, USA

    Michael R. Rosen

  3. Paleoecological Environmental Assessment & Research Lab. (PEARL), Queen's University Dept. Biology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

    John P. Smol

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Korosi, J., Cheng, W., Blais, J. (2015). Organic Pollutants in Sediment Core Archives. In: Blais, J., Rosen, M., Smol, J. (eds) Environmental Contaminants. Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research, vol 18. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9541-8_8

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