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The Ecology of Larval and Metamorphosing Lampreys

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Lampreys: Biology, Conservation and Control

Part of the book series: Fish & Fisheries Series ((FIFI,volume 37))

Abstract

The life cycle of lampreys typically begins in streams where fertilized eggs hatch into small, wormlike larvae (ammocoetes) which burrow into soft stream bottoms where they filter feed on organic matter until the onset of metamorphosis. The relative importance of habitat variables can change with ammocoete size (and depending on the spatial scale measured), but habitat must provide adequate substrate for burrowing and a regular supply of the suspended organic matter upon which larval lampreys feed. Larval movement occurs significantly more often at higher densities and in warmer temperatures, and typically occurs in a downstream direction at night. Sex ratio of some lamprey species is often related to differences in larval density, with the proportion of males increasing with relative density. Larval mortality is thought to be high in the egg phase, immediately following hatching, and at metamorphosis. The duration of the larval period in the life cycle of lampreys has been found to vary among and within species, but generally ranges from 3 to 7 years. However, analyses of larval growth and duration of larval life have been hampered by the unreliability of age assessment methods for larval lampreys. Metamorphosis begins during the summer months, when water temperatures are the most favorable, and is completed by winter or early spring.

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Acknowledgments

The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Two anonymous reviewers made suggestions to improve the chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Michigan-Flint, 264 Murchie Science Building, 48502, Flint, MI, USA

    Heather A. Dawson

  2. Centro de Oceanografia and Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    Bernardo R. Quintella & Pedro R. Almeida

  3. Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal

    Pedro R. Almeida

  4. Sea Lamprey Control Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, P6A 2E5, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada

    Andrew J. Treble

  5. Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Aquatic Research Unit, 317 West Prospect, 80526, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Andrew J. Treble

  6. Columbia River Fisheries Program Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1211 Southeast Cardinal Court, Suite 100, 98683, Vancouver, WA, USA

    Jeffrey C. Jolley

Authors
  1. Heather A. Dawson
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  2. Bernardo R. Quintella
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  3. Pedro R. Almeida
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  4. Andrew J. Treble
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  5. Jeffrey C. Jolley
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heather A. Dawson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Margaret F. Docker

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© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Dawson, H., Quintella, B., Almeida, P., Treble, A., Jolley, J. (2015). The Ecology of Larval and Metamorphosing Lampreys. In: Docker, M. (eds) Lampreys: Biology, Conservation and Control. Fish & Fisheries Series, vol 37. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9306-3_3

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