Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Oil Rose (Rosa damascena)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the Middle-East

Part of the book series: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World ((MAPW,volume 2))

Abstract

Rose oil of commerce is obtained by water distillation of fresh rose flowers of Rosa damascena which is a cultivated species. 3.5–4 t of flowers are needed to get 1 kg of this highly priced oil. Top ranking cultivators of oil rose and producers of rose oil are Turkey and Bulgaria producing evenly the annual world demand of 3 t of oil.

Due to very specific soil and climatic requirements, oil rose cultivation for a profitable crop is confined to Kazanlik region of Bulgaria and Isparta region of Turkey. Apart from rose oil, rose concrete (rose flower extract), rose water (rose hydrosol), rose jam, rose syrup, dried rose buds, rose cosmetics are also produced commercially from oil rose.

The chapter covers the cultivation practices, pest and weed control, production and uses of oil rose in a comprehensive manner.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Açatay A (1969) Gül ve Gülyağı. Özaydın Matbaası, İstanbul

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon. (1987) Gülcülük.T arım Orman ve Köy işleri Bakanlığı Isparta İI Müdürlüğü

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon. (1991) Gülçiçeği Raporu.Gülbirlik Isparta

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon. (2003) Oil of rose (Rosa x damascena Miller). International Standard ISO 9842

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon. (2009a) http://gular.sdu.edu.tr/. Accessed 10 Oct 2009

  • Anon. (2009b) Symrise Geschäftsberichte

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon. (2011) 2010. Yılı Gülçiçeği Raporu. Gümrük ve Ticaret Bakanlığı, Kooperatifçilik Genel Müdürlüğü

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon. (2012) 2011 Yılı Gülçiçeği Raporu. Gümrük ve Ticaret Bakanlığı, Kooperatifçilik Genel Müdürlüğü

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon. (2013a) 2012 Yılı Gülçiçeği Raporu. Gümrük ve Ticaret Bakanlığı, Kooperatifçilik Genel Müdürlüğü

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon. (2013b) http://www.meteoroloji.gov.tr. Accessed 20 June 2013

  • Anon. (2013c) http://www.dr.hauschka.com/en_DE/legal. Accessed 20 June 2013

  • Anon. (2013d) http://1000fragrances.blogspot.com/2011/01/afghanistan-starts-to-produce-special.html. Accessed 20 June 2013

  • Anon. (2013e) http://www.kasbahdesroses.com/. Accessed 20 June 2013

  • Anon. (2013f) Rose (Rosa spp.) disease control outlines (Reviewed 3/09, updated 3/09). http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/menu.homegarden.html. Accessed 12 July 2013

  • Anon. (2013g) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Rosa_species. Accessed 27 Sept 2013

  • Arslan N (1994) Tütün, ilaç ve baharat bitkileri ders notları, Ankara. (Not printed)

    Google Scholar 

  • Arslan N (2002) Kokulu bitkiler yetiştirme ve ıslahı ders notları, Ankara. (Not printed)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baser KHC (1992) Turkish rose oil. Perfum Flavour 17(3):45–52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baser KHC, Kurkcuoglu M, Ozek T (2003) Turkish rose oil: Recent results. Perfum Flavour 28(2):34–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Baser KHC, Altintas A, Kurkcuoglu M (2012) Turkish rose: A review of the history, ethnobotany and modern uses of rose petals, rose oil, rose water and other rose products. HerbalGram 96:40–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Baydar H (2006) Oil- bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) cultivation and rose oil industry in Turkey. Euro Cosmet 14(6):13–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Baydar H, Baydar GN (2005) Isparta gülünde (Rosa damascena Mill.) genetik ilişkilerin AFLP ve mikrosatellit markırları ile belirlenmesi. Türkiye VI. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 5–9 Eylül 2005, Antalya. Bildiriler Kitabı Cilt II:1123–1126

    Google Scholar 

  • Baydar H, Kazaz S (2010) Organik gülcülük. SDÜ. Gülcülük Araştırma Merkezi yayınları no. 1.50 pages, Isparta

    Google Scholar 

  • Baydar GN, Baydar H, Debener T (2004) Analysis of genetic relationships among Rosa damascena plants grown in Turkey by using AFLP and microsatellite markers. J Biotechnol 111:263–267

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baytop T (1963) Türkiye’nin Tıbbi ve Zehirli Bitkileri, İsmail Akgün Matbaası, İstanbul, s 197

    Google Scholar 

  • Baytop T (2001) Türkiye’de Eski Bahçe Gülleri. T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları 2593, Yayın Dairesi Başkanlığı, Sanat Eserleri Dizisi 319, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilir S (2010) Isparta ilinde gülcülük ve ekonomik önemi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 65 pages

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheers G (ed) (1999) Rosen Enzyklopaedie. Könemann, Köln. (704 pages)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dehghan P, Lebaschi MH, Abbaszadeh B, Zakerian A (2012) The main compounds in essential oil composition of Damask Rose genotypes under Mulched Rainfed condition. Ann Biol Res 3(9):4470–4473

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demirözer O (2008) Isparta yağ gülü (Rosa damascena Mill.) üretim alanlarında bulunan zararlılar, yayılışları, doğal düşmanları ve önemlilerinin populasyon değişimleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi. Isparta

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobreva A, Kovacheva N (2010) Production Systems Daily dynamics of the essential oils of Rosa damascena Mill. and Rosa alba L. Agric Sci Technol 2(2):71–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Farooq A (2011) Analysis of genetic diversity for oil content, morphological characters and microsatellites in some Rosa damascena landraces and selected scented rose species. Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, p 162

    Google Scholar 

  • Flint ML, Karlik JF (2008) Roses: insect and mite pests and beneficials. http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PDF/PESTNOTES/pnrosesinsect.pdf. Accessed 10 July 2013

  • Frederick G, Wagner A, Morvillo N (2002) Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of the musk roses (Rosa moschata). Proc Fla State Hortic Soc 115:117–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginova A, Tsvetkov I, Kondakova V (2012) Rosa damascena Mill. – an overview for evaluation of propagation methods. Bulg J Agric Sci 18:545–556

    Google Scholar 

  • Gora J, Lis A, Kalemba D (1995) Chemical composition of the essential oil of Rosa centifolia L. petals. J Essent Oil Res 7(1):89–90

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain A, Khan M (2004) Effect of Growth Regulators on Stem Cutting of Rosa bourboniana and Rosa gruss-an-teplitz. Int J Agric Biol 6(5):931–932

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • İkiz M (2011) Göller yöresinde organik ve konvonsiyonel yağ gülü (Rosa damascena) yetiştiriciliğinin karşılaştırmalı. Isparta Ekonomik Analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi

    Google Scholar 

  • Işık H (1953) Isparta’da Gülcülük ve Gülyağcılığı. Tarım Bakanlığı, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Javani M, Taher M, Arslan N, Valizadeh N (2013) İran’da Gülcülük. V. Süs Bitkileri Kongresi 6–9 May 2013, Yalova

    Google Scholar 

  • Karabulut AR (1993) Tıbb-ı Nebevi Ansiklopedisi, iki cilt, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlik JF (2008) Roses in the garden and landscape. Cultural practices and weed control. http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7465.html. Accessed 10 July 2013

  • Karlik JF, Tjosvold SA (2003) Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for Roses. In: Roberts AV (ed) Encyclopedia of Rose Science. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaul K, Karthigeyan S, Dhyani D, Kaur N, Sharma RK, Ahuja PS (2009) Morphological and molecular analyses of Rosa damascena × R. bourboniana interspecific hybrids. Sci Hortic 122:258–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacheva N (2011) Selection of oil-bearing rose in Bulgaria – tendencies and perspective. Agric Sci Technol 3(3):189–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovacheva N, Rusanov K, Atanassov I (2010) Industrial cultivation of oil bearing rose oil production in Bulgaria 21st Century, directions and challenges. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 24(2):1793–1798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kürkçüoğlu M (1988) Türk Gül Yağının Üretimi ve Özelliklerinin Tespiti. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Eskişehir, 128 pages

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurkcuoglu M, Baser KHC (2003) Studies on Turkish rose concrete, absolute and hydrosol. Chem Nat Comp 39(5):457–464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kürkçüoglu M, Abdel-Megeed A, Başer KHC (2013) The composition of Taif rose oil. J Essent Oil Res 5(5):364–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lebaschi HM (2012) Yield and Quality of Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) Genotypes under Irrigated Conditions. Ann Biol Res 3(5):2148–2152

    Google Scholar 

  • Nedkov N, Dobreva A, Kovacheva N, Bardarov V, Velcheva A (2009) Bulgarian Rose Oil of White Oil-bearing Rose. Bulg J Agric Sci 15:318–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson O (1972) Rosa L. In: Davis PH (ed) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol 4. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp 106–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Özcan Ö (1998) Isparta ili ve çevresinde gül tarımı ve Türkiye Ekonomisine katkısı. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 154 s

    Google Scholar 

  • Özçelik H, Gül A, Özgökçe F, Ünal M, Özcan G, Fakir H, Orhan H, Sakçalı H, Korkmaz M (2009) Türkiye Rosa L. (Gül) taksonlarının genetik çeşitliliğinin tespiti, ekonomiye kazandırılma olanaklarının araştırılması. TÜBİTAK-105O627 proje kesin raporu, 634 pages

    Google Scholar 

  • Pati KP, Rath PS, Sharma M, Sood A, Ahuja SP (2012) In vitro propagation of rose – a review. Biotechnol Adv 24:94–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riaz S, Sadia B, Awan FS, Khan IA, Sadaqat HA, Khan IA (2012) Development of a species – specific sequence-characterized amplified region marker for roses. Genet Mol Res 11(1):440–447

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ritz C (2005) Evolution von Hundsrosen (Rosa L. sect. Caninae) Dissertation Biologisch- Pharmazeutischen Fakultät der Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, 95 pages

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts AV, Debener T, Gudin S (eds) (2003) Encyclopedia of Rose Science, vol III. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Rusanov K, Kovacheva N, Vosman B, Zhang L, Rajapakse S, Atanassov A, Atanassov I (2005) Microsatellite analysis of Rosa damascena Mill. accessions reveals genetic similarity between genotypes used for rose oil production and old Damask rose varieties. Theor Appl Genet 111:804–809

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rusanov K, Kovacheva N, Stefanova K, Atanassov A, Atanassov I (2009) Rosa damascena genetic resources and capacity building for molecular breeding. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 23(4):1436–1439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saffari VR, Kalighi A, Lesani H, Babalar M, Obermeier JF (2004) Effects of Different Plant Growth Regulators and Time of Pruning on Yield Components of Rosa damascena Mill. Int J Agric Biol 6(6):1040–1042

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarıbaş R, Aslancan H (2011) Yağ Gülü Yetiştiriciliği. Eğirdir Meyvecilik Araştırma İstasyonu Müdürlüğü Yayın no. 45

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh DV, Ram M (1987) Effect of spacing, extent of pruning, growth hormone and nutrients on flower yield of essential oil bearing rose (Rosa damascena) in subtropical India. Acta Horticult 208:83–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Singh M (2004) Weed management in essential oil yielding Damask rose (Rosa damascena). J Med Aromat Plant Sci 26:721–726

    Google Scholar 

  • Temurçin K (2004) Isparta ili ekonomik coğrafyası. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 377 pages

    Google Scholar 

  • Yalçın R, Usta S, Yüksel M, Topçuoğlu B (1992) Gül tarımı yapılan Isparta yöresi topraklarının bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma. TÜBİTAK TOAG-GÜLAR 2

    Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz Ö (1992) Isparta ve yöresinde yetiştirilen güllerin (Rosa damascena Mill.) bazı özellikleri Üzerine bir İnceleme. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeinali H, Aghdaei SRT, Arzani A (2009) A Study of Morphological Variations and Their Relationship with Flower Yield and Yield Components in Rosa damascena. J Agric Sci Technol 11:439–448

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Kemal Hüsnü Can Baser

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    Neset Arslan

Authors
  1. Kemal Hüsnü Can Baser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Neset Arslan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kemal Hüsnü Can Baser .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Introduction and Seed Research Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organisation, Bet-Dagan, Israel

    Zohara Yaniv

  2. The Aromatic, Medicinal and Spice Crops Unit Newe Ya’ar Research Centre, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel

    Nativ Dudai

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Baser, K.H.C., Arslan, N. (2014). Oil Rose (Rosa damascena). In: Yaniv, Z., Dudai, N. (eds) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the Middle-East. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9276-9_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation