Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) pollutes the atmosphere and is toxic for respiring organisms including man. But CO is also an energy and carbon source for phylogenetically diverse microbes living under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Use of CO as metabolic fuel for microbes relies on enzymes like carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) and acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS), which catalyze conversions resembling processes that eventually initiated the dawn of life.
CODHs catalyze the (reversible) oxidation of CO with water to CO2 and come in two different flavors with unprecedented active site architectures. Aerobic bacteria employ a Cu- and Mo-containing CODH in which Cu activates CO and Mo activates water and takes up the two electrons generated in the reaction. Anaerobic bacteria and archaea use a Ni- and Fe-containing CODH, where Ni activates CO and Fe provides the nucleophilic water. Ni- and Fe-containing CODHs are frequently associated with ACS, where the CODH component reduces CO2 to CO and ACS condenses CO with a methyl group and CoA to acetyl-CoA.
Our current state of knowledge on how the three enzymes catalyze these reactions will be summarized and the different strategies of CODHs to achieve the same task within different active site architectures compared.
Please cite as: Met. Ions Life Sci. 14 (2014) 37–69
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Acknowledgment
Research in our laboratory has been supported by the German funding agency DFG through individual project grants (DO-785/1, DO-785/5, DO-785/6) and the Cluster of Excellence “Unifying Concepts in Catalysis - UniCat” (EXC 314).
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Abbreviations
Abbreviations
- ACS:
-
acetyl-CoA synthase
- ACDS:
-
acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase
- CoA:
-
coenzyme A
- CODH:
-
carbon monoxide dehydrogenase
- CoFeSP:
-
corrinoid iron-sulfur protein
- Ch :
-
Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans
- Cu,Mo-CODH:
-
Cu- and Mo-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase
- ENDOR:
-
electron nuclear double resonance
- EPR:
-
electron paramagnetic resonance
- FAD:
-
flavin adenine dinucleotide
- H4F:
-
tetrahydrofolate
- HOMO:
-
highest occupied molecular orbital
- LUCA:
-
last universal common ancestor
- MCD:
-
molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide
- MeTr:
-
methyltransferase
- Mt :
-
Moorella thermoacetica
- Ni,Fe-CODH:
-
Ni- and Fe-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase
- nBIC:
-
n-butyl isocyanide
- PDB:
-
Protein Data Bank
- Rr :
-
Rhodospirillum rubrum
- SOMO:
-
singly occupied molecular orbital
- Tg:
-
teragram
- XO:
-
xanthine oxidase
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Jeoung, JH., Fesseler, J., Goetzl, S., Dobbek, H. (2014). Carbon Monoxide. Toxic Gas and Fuel for Anaerobes and Aerobes: Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenases. In: Kroneck, P., Torres, M. (eds) The Metal-Driven Biogeochemistry of Gaseous Compounds in the Environment. Metal Ions in Life Sciences, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9269-1_3
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