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Fruit Fly Detection Programs: The Potentials and Limitations of Trap Arrays

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Trapping and the Detection, Control, and Regulation of Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract

Detection programs are a specialized aspect of sampling and include quarantine inspections, surveys for rare organisms of conservation value, and surveillance trapping for exotic or locally quarantined pests. The aim in each case is to establish whether a given species is there or not with a reasonable degree of certainty. To detect incursions of exotic tephritid fruit fly species into a country, arrays of widely spaced sentinel traps are deployed around points of entry for people and goods, main centres of population, and commercial fruit production areas. Response to detection is according to a protocol (code of practice). This includes the installation of a higher density trap array that is used to (a) discover the spatial limits of the infestation, (b) to monitor the effectiveness of the eradication process, and (c) to confirm that eradication has, in fact, occurred when zero flies are caught in the trap array. It takes a very large number of trapping weeks (well over a year) to achieve confidence limits on zero of useful size. However, a much shorter period of zero trapping is needed to calculate a useful probability for some density (or index of density) that we know to be non-viable or would find acceptable for other reasons. This chapter deals with such problems in terms of rationally argued risk levels using examples of management of the Mediterranean fruit fly in South Australia and California. Because risk arguments involve the length of time when trapping arrays catch no flies (fly-free periods), attention is also given to the techniques of temperature and development summation and how daily temperature records, calendar time, and generation time are related. Finally, the impacts of any improvements in trap efficiency, trap placement and data management are considered, especially with respect to telemetry, delimitation, and extinction modelling.

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  1. School of Biological Sciences A12, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    A. Meats

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  1. United States Department of Agriculture, APHIS, Waimanalo, Hawaii, USA

    Todd Shelly

  2. ARS, United States Department of Agriculture, Miami, Florida, USA

    Nancy Epsky

  3. ARS, United States Department of Agriculture, Hilo, Hawaii, USA

    Eric B. Jang

  4. Insect Pest Control Section, International Atomic Energy Agency Food and Agriculture Organization, Vienna, Austria

    Jesus Reyes-Flores

  5. ARS, United States Department of Agriculture, Hilo, Hawaii, USA

    Roger Vargas

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Meats, A. (2014). Fruit Fly Detection Programs: The Potentials and Limitations of Trap Arrays. In: Shelly, T., Epsky, N., Jang, E., Reyes-Flores, J., Vargas, R. (eds) Trapping and the Detection, Control, and Regulation of Tephritid Fruit Flies. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9193-9_8

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