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Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase in the Developing Brain and in Adult Neurogenesis

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Neuronal Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNAP)

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 76))

Abstract

Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase is expressed both in the developing and adult mammalian brain. Expression is particularly strong in the developing nervous system and associated with neurogenic activity. It ceases during later development but high expression remains in the rodent adult subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles, a neurogenic niche generating new neurons for the olfactory bulb. Lower activity is maintained in specific brain regions. In spite of the wide expression of the enzyme very little is known concerning its regulation of expression and physiological function in nervous tissue. This may be one of the reasons why the expression of TNAP in the nervous system to date has received relatively little attention. The strong and in part transient expression of the enzyme in the developing brain implies, however, a significant role in the control of neural development . Interestingly, several factors that stimulate TNAP expression or activity have a strong impact on neural development. The chapter summarizes major findings regarding the cellular distribution of TNAP in the developing brain and the neurogenic niches of the adult brain and in vitro evidence for a functional role of TNAP in axon growth and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Potential mechanisms of TNAP function are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Miguel Díaz-Hernández, Madrid, for providing Fig. 4.3.

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The authors indicate no potential conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Herbert Zimmermann & David Langer

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  1. Herbert Zimmermann
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  2. David Langer
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Correspondence to Herbert Zimmermann .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), University of Toulouse-UPS, Toulouse, France

    Caroline Fonta

  2. Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

    László Négyessy

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Zimmermann, H., Langer, D. (2015). Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase in the Developing Brain and in Adult Neurogenesis. In: Fonta, C., Négyessy, L. (eds) Neuronal Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNAP). Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 76. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7197-9_4

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