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Integration of Different Bioindication Methods for Chemical Elements: The Multi-Markered-Bioindication-Concept (MMBC)

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Phytoremediation for Green Energy

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Abstract

Before entering the field of integrating different bioindication methods, clear-cut definitions of the terms bioindication, biomonitoring and others are given. For purposes of bioindication and biomonitoring of chemical elements obviously, both a highly specific approach concerning each single chemical species of an element and a comprehensive treatment of general features are required. The latter is given in the Biological System of Elements. To observe the quality of our environment the use of living organisms in biotests, bioindication and biomonitoring activities is an established method of determining inorganic and organic contaminants. To achieve a more public-related prophylactic healthcare feature derived from these biotechniques in the future, all existing tools of analytical and biological investigations of the past must be concentrated on a common focus. A first approach, including an example for transferring trace elements from food into children via the nursering mother, is given in a so called Multi-Markered-Bioindication-Concept (MMBC). Further on, the collaboration between analytical scientists, ecotoxicologists and especially medical people is of elementary importance. For reaching this communication and exchange of essential information, different forms of education and teaching of students on an international level combined with common research projects are key functions for a global success.

Definitions, strategies and scientific results of this review article correspond to Markert, (1996); Markert et al. (2003a); Markert (2007); Wünschmann (2007) and Wuenschmann et al. (2008) of the reference list

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Notes

  1. 1.

    4.000 l/day additional blood circulation times a carryover of 0.4 mg/l correspond to 1.6 mg/day, the transfer being irreversible (see above).

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Acknowledgement

A very strong “Thank you” is given to a lot of students, co-workers and international colleagues supporting us intensively with newest interdisciplinary ideas, innovations, collaboration and assistance during a long time dealing with trace metal and ecotoxicological research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Institute of Scientific Networks (EISN-Institute), Haren, Germany

    Bernd Markert & Simone Wuenschmann

  2. Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius, University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

    Agáta Fargašová

  3. International Graduate School Zittau, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Research Group of Environmental Chemistry, Zittau, Germany

    Stefan Fraenzle

Authors
  1. Bernd Markert
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  2. Agáta Fargašová
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  3. Stefan Fraenzle
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  4. Simone Wuenschmann
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Correspondence to Bernd Markert .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

    Münir Öztürk

  2. NS University of Agricultural Sciences, Multan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ashraf

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Ahmet Aksoy

  4. Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad

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Markert, B., Fargašová, A., Fraenzle, S., Wuenschmann, S. (2015). Integration of Different Bioindication Methods for Chemical Elements: The Multi-Markered-Bioindication-Concept (MMBC). In: Öztürk, M., Ashraf, M., Aksoy, A., Ahmad, M. (eds) Phytoremediation for Green Energy. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7887-0_6

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