Abstract
A volume on the geography of beer would be incomplete without a detailed overview of hops, the ingredient that adds bitterness and aroma to beer and acts as a preservative. This chapter explains how European civilizations first used hops in beermaking by the ninth century, and how farmers and brewers spread knowledge of its cultivation to temperate regions across the world. Physical, cultural, and economic geographies have played crucial roles in this story. The history reflects how plants, people, and ideas engaged in global exchanges over centuries as a means to achieve agricultural and brewing success. In the twenty-first century, commercial hop growing occurs in many temperate regions of the world. But that was not always the case, and understanding how this specialty crop developed helps us better understand the contents of our beer glasses.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
The phrasing of hop and hops can be confusing, but is simply of matter of singular and plural usage of the word. Making a comparison to another plant is helpful. For example, one uses the singular form to speak of a lone apple or apple tree, whereas one would use the plural to refer to a bushel of apples. Similarly, one might speak of a single hop plant or hop variety, while one would speak of the many hops in the vat. Some confusion arises because, as noted above, the term hop (or hops in the plural form) refers to both the plant and it cones.
References
Acitelli T (2013) The Audacity of hops: the history of America’s craft beer revolution. Chicago Review Press, Chicago
Barth HJ (assisted by Christiane Klinke) (1994) The history of the family enterprise: Joh. Barth & Sohn, Nuremberg. Joh. Barth & Sohn, Nuremberg
Barth HJ, Klinke C, Schmidt C (1994) The Hop Atlas: the history and geography of the cultivated plant. Joh. Barth & Sohn, Nuremberg
Commission on Industrial Relations (1916) The seasonal labor problem in agriculture, industrial relations: final report and testimony submitted to congress by the commission on industrial relations, vol 5. Government Printing Office, Washington
Cordle C (2011) Out of the hay and into the hops: hop cultivation in Wealdon Kent and hop marketing in Southwark, 1744–2000. University of Hertfordshire Press, Hatfield
Cornell M (2010) Zythophile: beer now and then. Last modified March 14, 2010. http://zythophile.wordpress.com/2010/03/14/so-what-did-pliny-the-elder-say-about-hops. Accessed 14 Feb 2012
Crosby A (1986) Ecological imperialism: the biological expansion of Europe, 900–1900. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Darby P (2004) Hop growing in England in the twenty-first century. J Roy Agr Soc Engl 165:84–90
Darby P (2005) The history of hop breeding and development. Brew Hist 121:94–112
Dennison SR, MacDonagh O (1998) Guinness, 1886–1939: From Incorporation to the Second World War. Cork, Ireland: Cork University Press
Denny M (2009) Froth!: the science of beer. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
E. Clemens Horst Called By Death (1940, May) Pacific hop grower
Experience With New Insecticide (1947, Feb) The hopper
Feldman H (1927) Prohibition: it’s economic and industrial aspects. D. Appleton and Company, New York
Great B, The Tariff Commission (1906) The tariff commission, vol 3: report of the agricultural committee. The Tariff Commission, London
Haunold A, Horner CE, Likens ST, Brooks SN, Zimmerman CE (1985) One-half century of hop research by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. J Am Soc Brew Chem 43(2):123–126 (Summer 1985)
Hieronymus S (2013) For the Love of Hops: the Practical Guide to Aroma, Bitterness and the Culture of Hops. Boulder, CO: Brewers Publications
Hop Industry Productivity Team (1951) The hop industry: report of a visit to the U.S.A. and Canada in 1950 of a productivity team representing the hop industry. Anglo-American Council on Productivity, London
Hop Growing in the Pacific Northwest (1882, 26 Aug) The pacific rural press 24/9
Hornsey I (2003) A history of beer and brewing. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge
Horst EC (1919) The new dried vegetable industry. Statistical Report of the California state board of agriculture for the year 1918. California State Printing Office, Sacramento
Hough JS, Briggs DE, Stevens R, Young TW (1982) Malting and brewing science vol 2: hopped wort and beer. Chapman & Hall, London
Kopp PA (2011) ‘Hop Fever’ in the Willamette Valley: the local and global roots of a regional specialty crop. Oreg Hist Quart 112(4):406–433 (Winter 2011)
Lawrence M (1990) The encircling hop: a history of hops and brewing. SAWD, Sittingbourne
Maezials FT, Foster J, Dickens M, Ward AW (1908) The life of Charles Dickens. The University Society, New York
Meeker E (1883) Hop culture in the United States: being a practical treatise on hop growing in Washington territory from the cutting to bale. Ezra Meeker, Puyallup
Meeker E, Driggs HR (ed) (1922) Ox-team days on the Oregon Trail. World Book Co., Yonkers-on-Hudson
Miller EE, Richard M, Highsmith Jr. (1950, Feb) The hop industry of the Pacific coast. J Geogr 49(2):63–77
Mittelman A (2008) Brewing battles: a history of American beer. Algora Publishing, New York
Myrick H (1904) The hop: its culture and cure, marketing and manufacture. O. Judd Co., New York (1899 printing)
Neve RA (1990) Hops. Chapman and Hall, London
New English Hop Doing Well Here (1937, March) The pacific hop grower
Ogle M (2006) Ambitious brew: the story of American beer. Harcourt, Orlando
Pfaff CE (2002) Harvests of plenty: a history of the Yakima irrigation project, Washington. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver
Rorabaugh WJ (1979) The alcoholic republic: an American tradition. Oxford University Press, New York
Steiner SS (1973) Inc. Steiner’s guide to American hops. S. S. Steiner, Inc.
Steiner SS (2004) Inc. Steiner (revised edition). S. S. Steiner, Inc.
Tomlan MA (1992) Tinged with gold: hop culture in the United States. University of Georgia Press, Athens
United States. Department of Agriculture (1971) Hops: by states, 1915–69. United States Department of Agriculture, Statistical Reporting Service, Washington
Vaught D (1999) Cultivating California: growers, specialty crops, and labor, 1875–1920. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
The Wheatland Historical Society (2009) Wheatland. Arcadia Publishing, Chicago
Wye College Department of Hop Research (1953) Annual report, 1953. Wye College Department of Hop Research, Wye, England
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kopp, P. (2014). The Global Hop: An Agricultural Overview of the Brewer’s Gold. In: Patterson, M., Hoalst-Pullen, N. (eds) The Geography of Beer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7787-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7787-3_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-7786-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7787-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)