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Computational Simulation of NO/O2 Transport in Arterioles: Role of Cell-Free Layer

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Visualization and Simulation of Complex Flows in Biomedical Engineering

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics ((LNCVB,volume 12))

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Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is the primary signalling molecule that regulates blood flow and tissue oxygenation. NO diffuses into the vessel lumen and surrounding tissues after its production in the endothelium, where the NO production rate may be significantly affected by oxygen (O2) bioavailability. Indeed, many studies have reported that abnormal changes in the bioavailability of these two gases are highly correlated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and angiogenesis-associated disorders. However, despite a growing body of literature on the physiological role of NO and O2, precise mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate mathematical models of NO and O2 biotransport to better understand such mechanisms. In addressing this purpose, a number of researchers have developed mathematical and computational models of varying sophistication to describe the gas transport in arterioles. In brief, early theoretical studies introduced numerical models capable of predicting only the NO transport in arterioles. Subsequent studies improved upon this methodology by developing transport models that simulate the interaction between NO and O2 under steady-state conditions. Most recently, the coupled NO/O2 computational models for gas transport in arterioles have been developed with the added dimension of time-dependency. These time-dependent models incorporate potential physiological responses to temporally varying cell-free (plasma) layer widths near the vessel wall. In this chapter, we will provide a historical review of the computational models employed for NO and O2 transport in arterioles and lastly, we will discuss about the new developments for numerical models that study gas transport in detail.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NUS FRC R-397-000-134-112.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #03-12, Singapore, 117576, Singapore

    Seungkwan Cho, Swe Soe Ye, Hwa Liang Leo & Sangho Kim

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  1. Seungkwan Cho
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  2. Swe Soe Ye
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  3. Hwa Liang Leo
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  4. Sangho Kim
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Correspondence to Sangho Kim .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), ESTiG, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Porto, Portugal

    Rui Lima

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Robotics Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Yohsuke Imai

  3. Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Takuji Ishikawa

  4. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Strathclyde, James Weir Fluids Lab, Glasgow, United Kingdom

    Mónica S. N. Oliveira

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Cho, S., Ye, S.S., Leo, H.L., Kim, S. (2014). Computational Simulation of NO/O2 Transport in Arterioles: Role of Cell-Free Layer. In: Lima, R., Imai, Y., Ishikawa, T., Oliveira, M. (eds) Visualization and Simulation of Complex Flows in Biomedical Engineering. Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7769-9_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7769-9_5

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