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S100B: Potential Biomarker for CNS Insult and Injury

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General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications

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Abstract

S100B is a calcium-binding protein expressed primarily in neuronal tissue. The protein is released from cells following neuronal injury and can be detected in serum, urine, or CSF with a simple bioassay. It has thus been widely investigated as a potential biomarker for brain injury. S100B protein levels have been shown to be significantly elevated in cases of traumatic brain injury, neonatal asphyxia, and injury secondary to cardiac arrest as well as other neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, in severe traumatic brain injury, protein levels have been shown to be correlated with the degree of injury determined by cranial CT scans during initial patient evaluation. In mild traumatic brain injury, the use of S100B has been considered as a screening tool in conjunction with CT scans to avoid unnecessary radiation. Additionally, promising data has supported S100B in the detection of neonatal anoxic brain injury above other available screening tools. This chapter reviews current data along with its limitations regarding the use of S100B as a biomarker of neuronal injury from traumatic brain injury, neonatal asphyxia, and brain injury secondary to cardiac arrest.

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Abbreviations

CNS:

Central Nervous System

CSF:

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

CT:

Computed Tomography

GCS:

Glasgow Coma Scale

HIE:

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

IVH:

Intraventricular Hemorrhage

MTBI:

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

NPV:

Negative Predictive Value

PPV:

Positive Predictive Value

S100B:

S100B Protein

TBI:

Traumatic Brain Injury

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical School for International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Claire Gahm

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Ofer Beharier

  3. 2580 Colchester Rd, Cleveland Heights, OH, 44106, USA

    Claire Gahm

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  1. Claire Gahm
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  2. Ofer Beharier
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Correspondence to Claire Gahm .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Gahm, C., Beharier, O. (2014). S100B: Potential Biomarker for CNS Insult and Injury. In: Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7740-8_5-1

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