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Irisin Concentrations as a Myocardial Biomarker

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Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Mortality and morbidity from acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in which cardiomyocytes are damaged and destroyed, are increasing daily worldwide. Early intervention may decrease morbidity and potentially mortality in AMI. Currently troponins are seen as superior to all other biomarkers, but they have a major limitation since they do not become elevated during the initial hours of AMI. Therefore it is important to find a better biomarker for early diagnosis (within the initial hours). In this sense, a new thermogenic uncoupling protein, irisin, may be a useful marker to diagnose and make some prognosis regarding the long-term clinical outcome that might assist clinicians. Irisin is ubiquitously expressed in kidneys, liver, nerve sheath, skin, adipose tissue, and is abundantly synthesized in cardiac muscle. Serum and saliva concentrations also decrease with AMI. This chapter provides a brief description of AMI and current available tools for its diagosis, and some information about this candidate molecule irisin, including its concentration in human diseases. There is also an overview of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) and irisin concentration in an animal model and how it changes in the serum and saliva of patients hospitalized after diagnosis of AMI. Finally, we discuss what should be known about the analysis of irisin in biological fluids. In summary, current data indicate that serum irisin measurement is probably a clinically effective test that offers some prognostic information to clinicians.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

American College of Cardiology

ACS:

Acute coronary syndromes

AMI:

Acute myocardial infarction

CK:

Creatine phosphokinase

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

ECG:

Electrocardiogram

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

ESC:

European Society of Cardiology

FNDC5:

Fibronectin domain-containing protein 5

GDM:

Gestational diabetes mellitus

GFR:

Glomerular filtration rate

ISO:

Isoproterenol

MACE:

Major adverse cardiovascular events

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

MI:

Myocardial infarction

NAFLD:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

PCOS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome

T2DM- CKD:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Chronic Kidney Disease

T2DM:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

UCP1:

Uncoupling protein1

WHO:

World health organization

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Elazig Training and Reseach Hospital, Elazig, 23100, Turkey

    Suna Aydin

  2. School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Turkey

    Suna Aydin

  3. School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Turkey

    Suleyman Aydin

Authors
  1. Suna Aydin
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  2. Suleyman Aydin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suleyman Aydin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science & Technology , University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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Aydin, S., Aydin, S. (2016). Irisin Concentrations as a Myocardial Biomarker. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7678-4_3

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