Abstract
About 70,000 pest species damage agricultural crops worldwide. Some of these pests seriously threaten primary production, biodiversity, economy and livelihoods. Post-border biosecurity is an integral part of the biosecurity continuum and it safeguards resources such as agriculture, biodiversity and community from biological threats. Vigilance and preparedness are key activities of post-border biosecurity.
Tools such as policy, legislation, regulation, code of practice, scientific technique and technology are employed to achieve post-border biosecurity vigilance and preparedness in responding to pest invasions, estimating pest risks, managing pest area freedoms, providing evidence that a given pest is absent from a region, establishing boundaries of pest containment and monitoring progress of pest incursion responses.
Detection of a new or exotic pest generally triggers a cascade of questions – where is it? What is its likely impact? Who will be affected? Can it be eradicated? How much will it cost? and how long will it take? Responding to these and other associated questions can be complex, contentious and time consuming. The National Plant Protection Organisations (NPPOs) generally develop and approve the tools for maintaining vigilance and preparedness. In many instances prior experience and international information from countries where the pest is endemic, or where it has entered and established, or where its incursion was successfully eradicated is used in the development of these tools.
This chapter presents an overview of some of the main tools commonly used in post-border biosecurity. Tools include Standards of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), biosecurity legislation and regulation, tools that are used in determining organisational response to detection of new or exotic pests, prioritisation of resources for incursion management, pest risk and economic analyses, diagnostics and surveillance, and eradication, management and communication.
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Notes
- 1.
Terminology in this chapter is consistent with the International Plant Protection Convention’s Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms (ISPM No. 5, IPPC, 2010) available online at http://www.ippc.int.
- 2.
An Emergency Plant Pest is defined as:
-
(a)
It is a known exotic plant pest the economic consequences of an occurrence of which would be economically or otherwise harmful for Australia, and for which it is considered to be in the regional and national interest to be free of the plant pest.
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(b)
It is a variant form of an established plant pest that can be distinguished by appropriate investigative and diagnostic methods and which, if established in Australia, would have a regional and national impact.
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(c)
It is a serious plant pest of unknown or uncertain origin which may, on the evidence available at the time, be an entirely new Plant Pest and which if established in Australia is considered likely to have an adverse economic impact regionally and nationally.
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(d)
It is a plant pest of potential economic importance to the area endangered thereby and not yet present there or widely distributed and being officially controlled, but is occurring in such a fulminant outbreak form, that an emergency response is required to ensure that there is not either a large scale epidemic of regional and national significance or serious loss of market access.
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(a)
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Sharma, S., McKirdy, S., Macbeth, F. (2014). The Biosecurity Continuum and Trade: Tools for Post-border Biosecurity. In: Gordh, G., McKirdy, S. (eds) The Handbook of Plant Biosecurity. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7365-3_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7365-3_7
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