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Calcium Signaling in the Islets

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Islets of Langerhans, 2. ed.

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Abstract

Easy access to rodent insulinoma cells and rodent islets and the ease of measuring Ca2+ by fluorescent indicators have resulted in an overflow of data that have clarified details of Ca2+ signaling in the rodent islets. Our understanding of the mechanisms and the roles of Ca2+ signaling in the human islets, under physiological conditions, has been influenced by extrapolation of the rodent data obtained under suboptimal experimental conditions. More recently, electrophysiological and Ca2+ studies have elucidated the ion channel repertoire relevant for Ca2+ signaling in the human islets and have examined their relative contributions. Several channels belonging to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family are present in the β-cells. Intracellular Ca2+ channels and Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) add new dimension to the complexity of Ca2+ signaling in the human β-cells. While a lot more remains to be learnt about the mechanisms of generation and decoding of Ca2+ signals, much de-learning will also be needed. Human β-cells do not have a resting state in the normal human body even under physiological fasting conditions. Their membrane potential under physiologically relevant resting conditions is ~ −50 mV. Biphasic insulin secretion is an experimental epiphenomenon unrelated to the physiological pulsatile insulin secretion into the portal vein in the human body. Human islets show a wide variety of electrical activities, and patterns of [Ca2+]i changes, whose roles in mediating pulsatile secretion of insulin remain unclear. Future studies need to be directed toward a better understanding of Ca2+ signaling in the human islet cells in the context of the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of human diabetes.

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Acknowledgements

Research in the author’s lab was supported by the funds from Karolinska Institutet and Uppsala County Council.

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  1. Department of Clinical Sciences and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Research Center, 3rd floor, Södersjukhuset, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden

    Prof. Md. Shahidul Islam

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Research Center, 3rd floor, Södersjukhuset, 118 83, Uppsala, Sweden

    Prof. Md. Shahidul Islam

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  1. Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet Dept. Clinical Research & Education, Stockholm, Sweden

    Md. Shahidul Islam

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Islam, M.S. (2014). Calcium Signaling in the Islets. In: Islam, M. (eds) Islets of Langerhans, 2. ed.. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6884-0_9-2

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