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Basalt Magma Differentiation as a Source of Variety in Traps

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Trap Magmatism and Ore Formation in the Siberian Noril'sk Region

Part of the book series: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences ((MASE,volume 3))

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Abstract

The origin of layered intrusions and related ore formation is one of the main problems of the magmatic and ore geology of traps of the Siberian Platform. This chapter gives the critical review of available genetic conceptions. The model of the fluid–magmatic differentiation of basalt melt and ore formation in traps is proposed as an alternative to these conceptions. The leading role in these processes is assigned to three mutually related factors: tectonics, magmatism, and fluid regime of ore–magmatic systems. For validation of the model, a cause-and-effect relationship between these factors is established, the role of each is identified, and a system of natural evidences is formulated. The tectonics of the Noril’sk Region is dominated by faults that govern the placement of layered intrusions, ore zones, ore accumulations, and deposits. The long-continued tectonic activity of deep faults resulted in formation of thick zones of disintegrated rocks. Formation fluids from sedimentary rocks of the Platform cover were attracted into these zones due to decompression with fluidized zones formed along the faults. The formation fluids served as a source of S, F, Cl, CH4, H2, H2O, and other volatile components, whereas the basaltic magma was a source of ore-forming metals. Formation fluids activated by a melt intruded through the fault zones extracted metals from a basaltic magma, and so became ore-forming fluids. The fluid–magmatic interaction of a melt with volatiles facilitated prechamber differentiation of the melt into coexisting immiscible silicate–silicate and ore–silicate melts of variable composition, and crystallization of the melt completed the process of petrogenesis and ore formation.

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  1. Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

    V. V. Ryabov, A. Ya. Shevko & M. P. Gora

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Ryabov, V.V., Shevko, A.Y., Gora, M.P. (2014). Basalt Magma Differentiation as a Source of Variety in Traps. In: Trap Magmatism and Ore Formation in the Siberian Noril'sk Region. Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5022-7_5

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