Skip to main content

Moral Cognition: Introduction

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Neuroethics

Abstract

Research on moral cognition is a growing and heavily multidisciplinary field. This section contains chapters addressing foundational psychological, neuroscientific, and philosophical issues of research on moral decision-making. Furthermore, beyond summarizing the state of the art of their respective fields, the authors formulate their own proposals to answer open questions such as those on the relation between emotion and cognition in moral psychology, the idea that there is a “moral module” in the human brain, the relevance of this research for ethics and meta-ethics, the various psychological and philosophical meanings of “intuition” and how intuitions can have a justificatory role, or the connection between the psychological, neuroscientific, and philosophical levels in popular experiments on moral cognition. Research on moral decision-making is challenging, for empiricists as well as theoreticians, and is related to several applied questions of neuroethics which are briefly addressed at the end of this introduction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 999.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson, N. E., & Kiehl, K. A. (2012). The psychopath magnetized: Insights from brain imaging. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(1), 52–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berker, S. (2009). The normative insignificance of neuroscience. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 37(4), 293–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crockett, M. J., Clark, L., Hauser, M. D., & Robbins, T. W. (2010). Serotonin selectively influences moral judgment and behavior through effects on harm aversion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(40), 17433–17438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, T. (2008). Moral enhancement. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 25(3), 228–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gazzaniga, M. S. (2005). The ethical brain. New York/Washington, DC: DANA Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, J. D., Sommerville, R. B., Nystrom, L. E., Darley, J. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science, 293(5537), 2105–2108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greene, J. D., Nystrom, L. E., Engell, A. D., Darley, J. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). The neural bases of cognitive conflict and control in moral judgment. Neuron, 44(2), 389–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greene, J. D., Morelli, S. A., Lowenberg, K., Nvstrom, L. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2008). Cognitive load selectively interferes with utilitarian moral judgment. Cognition, 107(3), 1144–1154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108(4), 814–834.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haidt, J. (2007). The new synthesis in moral psychology. Science, 316(5827), 998–1002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haidt, J., Koller, S. H., & Dias, M. G. (1993). Affect, culture, and morality, or is it wrong to eat your dog. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(4), 613–628.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hume, D. (1777/1975). Enquiries concerning human understanding and concerning the principles of morals (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jox, R. J., Bernat, J. L., Laureys, S., & Racine, E. (2012). Disorders of consciousness: Responding to requests for novel diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Lancet Neurology, 11(8), 732–738.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joyce, R. (2008). What neuroscience can (and cannot) contribute to metaethics. In W. Sinnott-Armstrong (Ed.), The neuroscience of morality: Emotion, brain disorders, and development (Vol. 3, pp. 371–394). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahane, G. (2011). Evolutionary debunking arguments. Noûs, 45(1), 103–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow (1st ed.). New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kant, I. (1785/2011). Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals: A German-English edition (trans: Gregor, M., & Timmermann, J.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennett, J., & Fine, C. (2008). Internalism and the evidence from psychopaths and “acquired sociopaths”. In W. Sinnott-Armstrong (Ed.), The neuroscience of morality: Emotion, brain disorders, and development (pp. 173–190). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kihlstrom, J. F. (2004). Is there a “People are Stupid” school in social psychology? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 27(3), 348-+.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: The nature and validity of moral stages (1st ed.). San Francisco: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, N. (2007). The responsibility of the psychopath revisited. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 14(2), 129–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lind, G., Hartmann, H. A., & Wakenhut, R. (2010). Moral judgments and social education. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Littlefield, M. M., & Johnson, J. M. (2012). The neuroscientificturn: Transdisciplinarity in the age of the brain. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, J., Langdon, R., Coltheart, M., & Mackenzie, C. (2009). A reanalysis of the personal/impersonal distinction in moral psychology research. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(3), 577–580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moll, J., & de Oliveira-Souza, R. (2007). Moral judgments, emotions and the utilitarian brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(8), 319–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moll, J., Eslinger, P. J., & de Oliveira-Souza, R. (2001). Frontopolar and anterior temporal cortex activation in a moral judgment task – Preliminary functional MRI results in normal subjects. Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria, 59(3B), 657–664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, A. B., Clark, B. A., & Kane, M. J. (2008). Who shalt not kill? Individual differences in working memory capacity, executive control, and moral judgment. Psychological Science, 19(6), 549–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morse, S. J. (2008). Psychopathy and criminal responsibility. Neuroethics, 1(3), 205–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nadelhoffer, T., Nahmias, E. A., & Nichols, S. (2010). Moral psychology: Historical and contemporary readings. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Northoff, G. (2006). Neuroscience of decision making and informed consent: An investigation in neuroethics. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32(2), 70–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J. (1932). Le jugement moral chez l’enfant. Paris: LibrairieFèlix Alcan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickersgill, M., & van Keulen, I. (Eds.). (2012). Sociological reflections on the neurosciences. Bingley: Emerald.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pizarro, D. (2000). Nothing more than feelings? The role of emotions in moral judgment. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 30(4), 355-+.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, N. (2010). ‘Screen and intervene’: Governing risky brains. History of the Human Sciences, 23(1), 79–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sauer, H. (2012). Psychopaths and filthy desks. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 15(1), 95–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sayre-McCord, G. (2012). Metaethics. In The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Spring 2012 Ed.), from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2012/entries/metaethics/

  • Singer, P. (2005). Ethics and intuitions. Journal of Ethics, 9, 331–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turiel, E. (2010). Snap judgment? Not so fast: Thought, reasoning, and choice as psychological realities. Human Development, 53(3), 105–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waldmann, M. R., Nagel, J., & Wiegmann, A. (2012). Moral judgment. In K. J. Holyoak & R. G. Morrison (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of thinking and reasoning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werlinder, H. (1978). Psychopathy: A history of the concepts: Analysis of the origin and development of a family of concepts in psychopathology. Uppsala/Stockholm: Almqvist &Wiksell International.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Michael von Grundherr, Felix Schirmann, and Steffen Steinert for helpful suggestions to improve a previous version of this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephan Schleim .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this entry

Cite this entry

Schleim, S. (2015). Moral Cognition: Introduction. In: Clausen, J., Levy, N. (eds) Handbook of Neuroethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4707-4_94

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4707-4_94

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-007-4706-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-4707-4

  • eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law

Publish with us

Policies and ethics