Skip to main content

Fanon Revisited: Race Gender and Coloniality Vis-à-Vis Skin Colour

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Melanin Millennium

Abstract

Under colonialism, the mirror of the black-white binary has been shattered by white colonials consorting with black and indigenous women. By privileging lighter-skinned mixed-race groups, colonialists established a hierarchy that linked skin colour to economic and social class. Therefore, we argue that to understand the texts of Frantz Fanon and Mayotte Capécia requires analytical tools that resist seeing the world in black or white. Our reading of Fanon seeks to broaden the scope of analysis of these texts by looking at them as works standing at the crossroads where issues of race, colour, gender, class, and power converge. Blaming women absolves men from the painful reality that they are also partners in this construction. As two black women, we have been fascinated by the depth of Fanon’s understanding of the mechanisms and ideology of colonial oppression. However, the way Fanon deals with the desire of the black man to be whitened by his association to a white woman is very different from a reverse situation between a black woman and a white man. Both seek their redemption by the association to whiteness—lightness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anthias, F., & Yuval-Davis, N. (1992). Racialised boundaries: Race, nation, gender colour and class and the antiracist struggle. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergner, G. (1995). Who is that masked woman? Or, the role of gender in Fanon’s black skin, white masks. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 110(1), 175–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhabha, H. K. (1986). Remembering Fanon, self, psyche and the colonial condition [Foreword]. In F. Fanon (Ed.), Black skin, white masks (pp. vii–xxv). London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Capécia, M. (1948). I am a Martinican woman [Je suis Martiniquaise]. Paris: Corréa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Childers, K. S. (2006). Citizenship and assimilation in postwar Martinique: The abolition of slavery and the politics of commemoration. In Proceedings of the Western Society for French History, 34. Ann Arbor: Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.0642292.0034.018. Accessed 10 Oct 2011.

  • Collins, P. H. (2000). Black feminist thought, knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. New York: Routledge Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dayan, J. (1999). Women, history, and the gods: Reflections on Mayotte Capécia and Marie Chauvet. In Haigh Sam (Ed.), An introduction to Caribbean Francophone writing: Guadeloupe and Martinique (pp. 69–82). Oxford/New York: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • De los Reyes, P., & Mulinari, D. (2005). Intersektionalitet: Kritiska reflektioner over (o)jämlikhetens landskap. Malmö: Liber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dill, B. T., & Zambrana, R. E. (2009). Critical thinking about inequality: An emerging lens. In B. Dill & R. E. Zambrana (Eds.), Emerging intersections: Race, class and gender in theory policy and practice (pp. 1–22). New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffus, C. (2005). When one drop isn’t enough: War as a crucible of racial identity in the novels of Mayotte Capécia. Callaloo, 28(4), 1091–1102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Earley, S. M. (2002). Review of textual politics from slavery to postcolonialism: Race and identification. African Studies Quarterly, 6(1–2), 335–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanon, F. (1986). Black skin, white masks. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish, J. M. (2011). The myth of race. In J. Fish (Ed.), Race and intelligence: Separating science from myth (pp. 113–143). Mahwah: Taylor & Francis [e-library].

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates, H. L., Jr. (1991). Critical Fanonism. Critical Inquiry, 17(3), 457–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gauch, S. (2002). Fanon on the surface. Parallax, 8(2), 116–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, L. R. (2006). Through the zone of non-being: A reading of black skin, white masks in celebration of Fanon’s eightieth birthday. Worlds and Knowledge Otherwise, 1(3), 1–30. http://www.jhfc.duke.edu/wko/dossiers/1.3/1.3contentarchive.php. Accessed 10 Oct 2011.

  • Hall, R. E. (2006). The bleaching syndrome among people of color: Implications of skin color for human behavior in the social environment. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 13(3), 19–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, A.-M. (1998). When multiplication doesn’t equal quick addition: Examining intersectionality as a research paradigm. Perspectives on Politics, 5(1), 63–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hook, D. (2004). Frantz Fanon, Steve Biko, “psychopolitics,” and critical psychology. In D. Hook (Ed.), Critical psychology (pp. 84–114). Lansdowne: UCT Press. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/961. Accessed 10 Oct 2011.

  • Hooks, B. (1992). Black looks: Race and representation. Boston: South End Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooks, B. (2000). Feminist theory from margin to center (2nd ed.). Boston: South End Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1992). Migration, racism and identity: The Caribbean experience in Britain. New Left Review, 1, 193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane, L. (2004). Trying to make a living: Studies in the economic life of women in interwar Sweden. Meddelanden från Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, Handelshögskolan vid Göteborgs universitet, 90. Göteborg [Gothenburg], Sweden: University of Gothenburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macey, D. (2000). Frantz Fanon: A biography. New York: Picador.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macey, D. (2004). Frantz Fanon, or the difficulty of being Martinican. History Workshop Journal, 58(Autumn), 211–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macey, D. (2005). Adieu Foulard. Adieu Madras. In M. Silverman (Ed.), Frantz Fanon’s black skin, white masks: New interdisciplinary essays (pp. 12–32). Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makward, C. P. (1999). Mayotte Capécia ou l'aliénation selon Fanon. Paris: Karthala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murdoch, H. A. (2007). Resistance to Vichy in the novels of Raphaël Confiant. L'Esprit Créateur, 47(1), 68–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Senghor, L. (1962). Some thoughts on Africa: A continent in development. International Affairs, 38(2), 189–195. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2610377. Accessed 19 Oct 2011.

  • Sharpley-Whiting, T. D. (1996). Anti-black femininity and mixed-race identity: Engaging Fanon to reread Capécia. In L. R. Gordon, T. D. Sharpley-Whiting, & R. T. White (Eds.), Fanon: A critical reader (pp. 155–162). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharpley-Whiting, T. D. (1998). Frantz Fanon: Conflicts and feminisms. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shohat, E. (2006). Taboo, memories, diasporic voices. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stith-Clark, B. (1997). I am a Martinican woman and the white negress: Two novelettes of the 1940s by Mayotte Capécia. Pueblo: Passeggiata.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinsley, O. N. (2010). Thiefing sugar: Eroticism between women in Caribbean literature. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilder, G. (2004). Race, reason, impasse: Césaire, Fanon, and the legacy of emancipation. Radical History Review, 3(90), 31–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Linda Lane .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lane, L., Mahdi, H. (2013). Fanon Revisited: Race Gender and Coloniality Vis-à-Vis Skin Colour. In: Hall, R. (eds) The Melanin Millennium. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4608-4_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics