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Midkine in Prostate Cancer

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Midkine: From Embryogenesis to Pathogenesis and Therapy

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in the developed countries. Midkine is expressed in prostate cancer but not in normal prostate, indicating that midkine can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis of prostate cancer. The levels of midkine expression are higher in the late stage and metastatic prostate tumors compared to the early stage prostate tumors, hinting at a potential use of midkine as a prognostic biomarker. However, no study has been conducted to evaluate serum midkine levels in diagnosis or prognosis of prostate cancer. Midkine expression is increased in several castration resistant prostate cancer cell lines, suggesting a possible role of midkine in development of castration resistant prostate cancer. Midkine expression is upregulated by several growth factors and cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α and androgens. Midkine has been shown to activate extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p38 pathways, which is associated with cellular survival in LNCaP cells. Midkine siRNA and antisense oligos have been shown to inhibit PC3 cell growth in vitro and in vivo, which appears to synergize with chemotherapeutical drug paclitaxel. C-terminal peptides, small molecular weight compounds, and humanized monoclonal neutralizing antibodies hold potential in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.

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Acknowledgement

The author thanks Dr. Steven M. Hill (Professor and Chair of Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA) for critical reading of the manuscript. The author thanks Ms. Rui You (Tulane University) for proof-reading of the manuscript. The author also thanks Dr. Martin Rumsby and Professor Norman Maitland (Department of Biology, the University of York, England, UK) for their permission to quote their unpublished results.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL-49, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Zongbing You

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL-49, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Zongbing You

  3. Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium; Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL-49, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Zongbing You

  4. Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL-49, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Zongbing You

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  1. Zongbing You
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zongbing You .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Biochemistry, Yeni Yüzyıl University, Yilanli Ayazma 26, Istanbul, 34000, Istanbul, Turkey

    Mine Ergüven

  2. , Department of Health Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasakicho, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan

    Takashi Muramatsu

  3. , Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Millet, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ayhan Bilir

Additional information

Funding: NIH/NCRR (2P20 RR020152-06); Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium Start-up Fund; Tulane Framework for Global Health Seed Grant (A47599G1)/NIH – Fogarty Center – Dr. Buekens Seed Grant; Tulane University COR Research Fellowhip; partial support provided from developmental funds of the Tulane Cancer Center; DoD grant W81XWH-10-1-0937; and Research Partnership grants from Depuy Mitek, Inc.

Conflict of interest: The author has no conflict of interest.

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You, Z. (2012). Midkine in Prostate Cancer. In: Ergüven, M., Muramatsu, T., Bilir, A. (eds) Midkine: From Embryogenesis to Pathogenesis and Therapy. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4234-5_23

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