Skip to main content
  • 1409 Accesses

Abstract

Leukodystrophies (adrenoleukodystrophy, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, polyglucosan body disease, etc.) are a highly heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases primarily affecting the white matter of the central nervous system.

Adult-onset (≥16 years) leukodystrophies are characterized by relentless progression. For the diseases that usually have infantile or childhood onset, the prognosis is very severe, while it is typically better for the adult-onset forms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. van der Knaap MS, Volk J. Magnetic resonance of myelination and myelin disorders. Berlin/New York: Springer; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ahmed RM, Murphy E, Davagnanam I, et al. A practical approach to diagnosing adult onset leukodystrophies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85:770–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Costello DJ, Eichler AF, Eichler FS. Leukodystrophies: classification, diagnosis and treatment. Neurologist. 2009;15:319–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Dobyns WB, Filauro A, Tomson BN, et al. Inheritance of most X-linked traits is not dominant or recessive, just X-linked. Am J Med Genet A. 2004;129A:136–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Engelen M, Barbier M, Dijkstra IM, et al. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in women: a cross-sectional cohort study. Brain. 2014;137:693–706.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Salsano E, Tabano S, Sirchia SM, et al. Preferential expression of mutant ABCD1 allele is common in adrenoleukodystrophy female carriers but unrelated to clinical symptoms. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2012;7:10.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Semmler A, Köhler W, Jung HH, Weller M, Linnebank M. Therapy of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Expert Rev Neurother. 2008;8:1367–79.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cartier N, Aubourg P. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Brain Pathol. 2010;20:857–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. van Geel BM, Poll-The BT, Verrips A, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplantation does not prevent myelopathy in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: a retrospective study. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2015;38:359–61.

    Google Scholar 

  10. van Geel BM, Bezman L, Loes DJ, Moser HW, Raymond GV. Evolution of phenotypes in adult male patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Ann Neurol. 2001;49:186–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. de Beer M, Engelen M, van Geel BM. Frequent occurrence of cerebral demyelination in adrenomyeloneuropathy. Neurology. 2014;83:2227–31.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rauschka H, Colsch B, Baumann N, et al. Late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy: genotype strongly influences phenotype. Neurology. 2006;67:859–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Solders M, Martin DA, Andersson C, et al. Hematopoietic SCT: a useful treatment for late metachromatic leukodystrophy. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2014;49:1046–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Biffi A, Montini E, Lorioli L, Cesani M, et al. Lentiviral hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy benefits metachromatic leukodystrophy. Science. 2013;341(6148):1233158.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Debs R, Froissart R, Aubourg P, et al. Krabbe disease in adults: phenotypic and genotypic update from a series of 11 cases and a review. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2013;36:859–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Krivit W, Shapiro EG, Peters C, et al. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in globoid-cell leukodystrophy. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1119–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Mochel F, Schiffmann R, Steenweg ME, et al. Adult polyglucosan body disease: Natural History and Key Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings. Ann Neurol. 2012;72:433–41.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Padiath QS, Fu YH. Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy caused by lamin B1 duplications a clinical and molecular case study of altered nuclear function and disease. Methods Cell Biol. 2010;98:337–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Potic A, Pavlovic AM, Uziel G, et al. Adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy without early autonomic dysfunctions linked to lamin B1 duplication: a phenotypic variant. J Neurol. 2013;260:2124–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Baba Y, Ghetti B, Baker MC, et al. Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids: clinical, pathologic and genetic studies of a new kindred. Acta Neuropathol. 2006;111:300–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Sundal C, Wszolek Z. CSF1R-related hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids. 2012. [updated 2013 Jan 17]. In: Pagon RA, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Bird TD, Dolan CR, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2014. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK100239/PubMed.

  22. Guerreiro RJ, Lohmann E, Brás JM, et al. Using exome sequencing to reveal mutations in TREM2 presenting as a frontotemporal dementia-like syndrome without bone involvement. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70:78–84.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kaneko M, Sano K, Nakayama J, Amano N. Nasu-Hakola disease: The first case reported by Nasu and review: The 50th Anniversary of Japanese Society of Neuropathology. Neuropathology. 2010;30:463–70.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Haruta K, Matsunaga S, Ito H, et al. Membranous lipodystrophy (Nasu-Hakola disease) presenting an unusually benign clinical course. Oncol Rep. 2003;10:1007–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. van der Knaap MS, Pronk JC, Scheper GC. Vanishing white matter disease. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:413–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Labauge P, Horzinski L, Ayrignac X, et al. Natural history of adult-onset eIF2B-related disorders: a multi-centric survey of 16 cases. Brain. 2009;132:2161–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Schiffmann R, Fogli A, Van der Knaap MS, Boespflug-Tanguy O. Childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination/vanishing white matter. 2003. [updated 2012 Aug 09]. In: Pagon RA, Adam MP, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Fong CT, Stephens K, editors. GeneReviews™ [Internet]. Seattle: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2013. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1258/PubMed.

  28. Prust M, Wang J, Morizono H, Messing A, et al. GFAP mutations, age at onset, and clinical subtypes in Alexander disease. Neurology. 2011;77:1287–94.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Pareyson D, Fancellu R, Mariotti C, et al. Adult-onset alexander disease: a series of eleven unrelated cases with review of the literature. Brain. 2008;131:2321–31.

    Google Scholar 

  30. van Berge L, Hamilton EM, Linnankivi T, et al. Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation: clinical and genetic characterization and target for therapy. Brain. 2014;137:1019–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hobson GM, Garbern JY. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease 1, and related hypomyelinating disorders. Semin Neurol. 2012;32:62–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Grossi S, Regis S, Biancheri R, Mort M, et al. Molecular genetic analysis of the PLP1 gene in 38 families with PLP1-related disorders: identification and functional characterization of 11 novel PLP1 mutations. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2011;6:40.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Orthmann-Murphy JL, Salsano E, Abrams CK, Bizzi A, Uziel G, Freidin MM, Lamantea E, Zeviani M, Scherer SS, Pareyson D. Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a novel phenotype for GJA12/GJC2 mutations. Brain. 2009;132:426–38.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Abrams CK, Scherer SS, Flores-Obando R, Freidin MM, Wong S, Lamantea E, Farina L, Scaioli V, Pareyson D, Salsano E. A new mutation in GJC2 associated with subclinical leukodystrophy. J Neurol. 2014;261:1929–38.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Depienne C, Bugiani M, Dupuits C, et al. Brain white matter oedema due to ClC-2 chloride channel deficiency: an observational analytical study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:659–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Di Bella D, Pareyson D, Savoiardo M, Farina L, Ciano C, Caldarazzo S, Sagnelli A, Bonato S, Nava S, Bresolin N, Tedeschi G, Taroni F, Salsano E. Subclinical leukodystrophy and infertility in a man with a novel homozygous CLCN2 mutation. Neurology. 2014;83:1217–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ettore Salsano .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Salsano, E., Pareyson, D. (2015). Leukodystrophies. In: Sghirlanzoni, A., Lauria, G., Chiapparini, L. (eds) Prognosis of Neurological Diseases. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5755-5_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5755-5_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-5754-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-5755-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics