Abstract
Patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. In ulcerative colitis, thrombosis of the portal venous system is increasingly recognized as a serious extraintestinal complication. Pathogenesis includes abdominal sepsis, surgical manipulation, chronic hypercoagulability, and individual factors. Portal system thrombosis is mostly observed during acute exacerbations or postoperatively, and may have serious consequences such as cavernomatous transformation, portal hypertension, and gastrointestinal bleeding if unrecognized and untreated. Contrast-enhanced multidetector CT allows identification of portal system thrombosis, which is often multifocal. Color Doppler ultrasound is helpful as an initial diagnostic approach or during follow-up. Portal system thrombosis is particularly associated with postoperative status after restorative proctocolectomy, and with an increased risk for subsequent pouchitis.
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Tonolini, M. (2014). Vascular Complications of Ulcerative Colitis. In: Tonolini, M. (eds) Imaging of Ulcerative Colitis. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5409-7_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5409-7_9
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