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Opioid Addiction: Short- and Long-Acting Opioids

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Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspectives

Abstract

Opium is the natural product obtained from the juice of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Opiates include all natural plant alkaloids, such as morphine, codeine, and thebaine, and many semisynthetic derivatives. An opioid is any compound, regardless of the structure, which has the functional and pharmacological properties of an opiate. Endogenous opioids are natural ligands for opioid receptors found in animals. Synthetic compounds include hydrocodone; oxycodone; hydromorphone; heroin; antagonists such as naloxone, naltrexone, and nalmefene; and partial agonists such as buprenorphine. Opioid use disorders are a public health problem worldwide. They include intoxication, withdrawal, and dependence. Intoxication is the main cause of mortality of these disorders and can be treated with the opioid antagonist naloxone. Opioid withdrawal can be treated with opioid agonist such as methadone, buprenorphine, or LAAM. A depot formulation of naltrexone is approved to prevent a relapse prevention intervention. Research studies are underway with the goal of discovering and developing safer and more effective medications to treat these disorders.

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Acknowledgment

The authors Torrens M, Fonseca F, Galindo L, and Farré M appreciate the support of the network of addictive disorders “Red de Trastornos Adictivos” (RTA) Fondo de investigación sanitaria ISCIII- Programa RETICS RD12/0028/0009.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Addiction Unit Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Marta Torrens

  2. Addiction Unit Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Instituto de Neuropsiquiatría y Adicciones, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain

    Francina Fonseca

  3. Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Liliana Galindo

  4. Pharmacology Unit Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Magi Farré

Authors
  1. Marta Torrens
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  2. Francina Fonseca
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  3. Liliana Galindo
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  4. Magi Farré
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marta Torrens .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Alberta Gambling Research Institute University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

    Nady el-Guebaly

  2. Faculty of Brain Sciences UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Giuseppe Carrà

  3. Division of Alcoholism & Drug Abuse, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

    Marc Galanter

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© 2015 Springer-Verlag Italia

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Torrens, M., Fonseca, F., Galindo, L., Farré, M. (2015). Opioid Addiction: Short- and Long-Acting Opioids. In: el-Guebaly, N., Carrà, G., Galanter, M. (eds) Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspectives. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5322-9_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5322-9_20

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-5321-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-5322-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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