An Unusual Finding at Videocapsule Enteroscopy

Background

Iron-deficiency anemia represents a major public health problem [1] and is a frequent cause for a referral to a gastroenterologist. Published guidelines for the evaluation of iron-deficiency anemia recommend that both esophagogastroduodenoscopy, with duodenal biopsies to rule out celiac disease, and ileocolonoscopy should be performed to exclude bleeding lesions [2]. However, even when these investigations are carefully executed, up to 30% of patients lacks a definitive diagnosis, and are therefore candidates for capsule enteroscopy [3]. Videocapsule findings in most cases include angectasias, arteriovenous malformations, small bowel Crohn’s disease, NSAID-associated enteropathy, polyps, neoplasms, and celiac disease, but also rarer etiologies, as described in the following.