Skip to main content

Preoperative and Intraoperative Lymphatic Mapping for Radioguided Sentinel Node Biopsy in Cancers of the Gastrointestinal Tract

  • Chapter
Atlas of Lymphoscintigraphy and Sentinel Node Mapping

Abstract

Accurate evaluation of lymph node status is one of the most important factors for predicting the clinical outcome of gastrointestinal tumors. SLN mapping has clearly become highly feasible and accurate in staging gastrointestinal cancers [1]. In this regard, the technical feasibility of radioguided SLN identification while performing a laparotomy in patients with esophageal, gastric, or colorectal cancer has been demonstrated [2]. This method can also identify and characterize cases with aberrant/unexpected lymphatic drainage from the primary lesion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 179.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aikou T, Kitagawa Y, Kitajima M et al (2006) Sentinel lymph node mapping with GI cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 25:269–277.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Kitagawa Y, Ohgami M, Fujii H et al (2001) Laparoscopic detection of sentinel lymph nodes in gastrointestinal cancer: a novel and minimally invasive approach. Ann Surg Oncol 8(Suppl 9):86S–89S

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Sano T, Katai H, Sasako M et al (2000) Gastric lymphadenectomy and detection of sentinel nodes. Recent results. Cancer Res 157:253–258.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Akiyama H, Tsurumaru M, Udagawa H et al (1994) Radical lymph node dissection for cancer of the thoracic oesophagus. Ann Surg 220:364–373.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Maruyama K, Gunven P, Okabayashi K et al (1989) Lymph node metastases of gastric cancer. General pattern in 1931 patients. Ann Surg 210:596–602.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bonenkamp JJ, Hermans J, Sasako M et al (1999) Extended lymphnode dissection for gastric cancer. Dutch Gastric Cancer Group. N Engl JMed 340:908–914.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hulsher JBF, Van Sandick JW, de Boer AGEM et al (2002) Extended transthoracic resection compared with limited transhiatal resection for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. N Engl J Med 347:1662–1669.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Thompson JF, Uren RF, Scolyer RA, Stretch JR (2005) Selective sentinel lymphadenectomy: progress to date and prospects for the future. Cancer Treat Res 127:269–287.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hiratsuka M, Miyashiro I, Ishikawa O et al (2001) Application of sentinel node biopsy to gastric cancer surgery. Surgery 129:335–340.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kitagawa Y, Fujii H, Mukai M et al (2002) Radio-guided sentinel node detection for gastric cancer. Br J Surg 89:604–608.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kitagawa Y, Fujii H, Mukai M et al (2002) Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node sampling in oesophageal and gastric cancer. Surg Oncol Clin North Am 11:293–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kitagawa Y, Fujii H, Mukai M et al (2000) The role of sentinel lymph node in gastrointestinal cancer. Surg Clin North Am 80; 1799–1809.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Miwa K, Kinami S, Taniguchi K et al (2003) Mapping sentinel nodes in patients with early-stage gastric carcinoma. Br J Surg 90:178–182.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kitagawa Y, Kitajima M (2006) Diagnostic validity of radio-guided sentinel node mapping for gastric cancer: a review of current status and future direction. Surg Technol Int 15:32–36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Rabin I, Chikman B et al (2010) The accuracy of sentinel node mapping according to T stage in patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 13:30–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Arigami T, Natsugoe S, Uenosono Y et al (2006) Evaluation of sentinel node concept in gastric cancer based on lymph node micrometastasis determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Ann Surg 243:341–347.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Toth D, Kathy S, Csoban T et al (2012) Prospective comparative study of sentinel lymph node mapping in gastric cancer — submucosal versus subserosal marking method. Magy Seb 65:3–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gretschel S, Bembenek A, Ulmer Ch et al (2005) Prediction of gastric cancer lymph node status by sentinel lymph node biopsy and the Maruyama computer model. Eur J Surg Oncol 31(4):393–400.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cheng LY, Chen XD, Zhang YX, Feng XD (2005) Clinical significance of sentinel lymph node detection by combining the dyedirected and radioguided methods in gastric cancer. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 43:569–572.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ichikura T, Morita D, Uchida T et al (2002) Sentinel node concept in gastric carcinoma. World J Surg 26(3):318–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kim MC, Kim HH, Jung, GC et al (2004) Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy using 99mTc tin colloid in gastric cancer. Ann Surg 239:383–387.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kitagawa Y, Kitajima M (2004) Diagnostic validity of radio-guided sentinel node mapping for gastric cancer. Surg Technol Int 15:32–36.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Aikou T, Kitagawa Y, Kitajima M et al (2006) Sentinel lymph node mapping with GI cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 25(2):269–77. Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kitagawa Y, Kubota T, Kumai K (2005) Recent studies of sentinel lymph node. Multicenter prospective clinical trials of SN biopsy for gastric cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 32:695–698.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Asakum M, Cahill RA, Lee SWB (2010) NOTES: The question for minimal resection and sentinel node in early gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2:203–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Yasuda S, Shimada H, Chino O et al (2003) Sentinel lymph node detection with Tc-99m tin colloids in patients with esophagogastric cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 33:68–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Uenosono Y, Arigami T, Yanagita S (2011) Sentinel node navigation surgery is acceptable for clinical T1. and N0. esophageal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 18:2003–2009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Cohen AM, Kelsen D, Saltz L et al (1998) Adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 22:5–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Wolmark N, Rockette H, Fisher B et al (1993) The benefit of leucovorin-modulated fluorouracil as postoperative adjuvant therapy for primary colon cancer: Results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel protocol C-03. J Clin Oncol 11:1879–1887.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Saha S, Dan AG, Viehl CT et al (2005) Sentinel lymph node mapping in colon and rectal cancer: its impact on staging, limitations, and pitfalls. In: Leong SPL, Kitagawa Y, Kitajima M (eds) Selective sentinel lymphadenectomy for human solid cancer. Springer, New Yorkpp 105–122.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. Mulsow J, Winter DC, O’Keane JC, O’Connell PR (2003) Sentinel lymph node mapping in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 90:659–667.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Pickreen JW (1961) Significance of occult metastases, a study of breast cancer. Cancer 14:1261–1271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Greenson JK, Isenhart CE, Rice R et al (1994) Identification of occult micrometastases in pericolic lymph nodes of Dukes B colorectal cancer patients using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin and CC49; correlation with long-term survival. Cancer 73:563–569.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Thörn M (2000) Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy: is the method applicable to patients with colorectal and gastric cancer? Eur J Surg 166:755–758.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Kuerer HM, Wayne JD, Ross MI (2001) Anaphylaxis during breast cancer lymphatic mapping. Surgery 129:119–120.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Leong SP, Donegan E, Hefferson W et al (2000) Adverse reactions to isosulfan blue during selective sentinel lymph node dissection in melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 7:361–366.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Longnecker SM, Guzzardo MM, Van Voris LP (1985) Life-threatening anaphylaxis following subcutaneous administration of isosulfan blue 1%. Clin Pharmacol 4:219–221.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Coleman RL, Whitten CW, O’Boyle J, Sidhu B (1999) Unexplained decrease in measured oxygen saturation by pulse oxymetry following injection of lymphazurin 1% (Isosulfan blue) during a lymphatic mapping procedure. J Surg Oncol 70:126–129.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Larsen VH, Freudendal A, Fogh-Andersen N (1995) The influence of patent blue V on pulse oxymetry and haemoximetry. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 107:53–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Soni M, Saha S, Korant A et al (2009) A prospective trial comparing 1% lymphazurin vs 1% methylene blue in sentinel lymph node mapping of gastrointestinal tumors. Ann Surg Oncol 6:2224–2230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Bianchi PP, Petz W, Casali L (2011) Laparoscopic lymphatic road-mapping with blue dye and radioisotope in colon cancer. Colorectal Dis 13(Suppl 7):67–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Waters GS, Geisenger KR, Garske DD et al (2000) Sentinel lymph node mapping for carcinoma of the colon: a pilot study. Am Surg 66:943–945.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Wong JH, Steineman S, Calderia C et al (2001) Ex vivo sentinel node mapping in carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Ann Surg 233:515–521.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Fitzgerald TL, Khalifa MA, Al Zahrani M et al (2002) Ex vivo sentinel lymph node biopsy in colorectal cancer: a feasibility study. J Surg Oncol 80:27–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Cox ED, Kellicut D, Adair C et al (2002) Sentinel lymph node evaluation is technically feasible and may improve staging in colorectal cancer. Curr Surg 59:301–306.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Wood TF, Tsioulias GJ, Rangel D et al (2000) Focused examination of sentinel lymph nodes upstages early colorectal carcinoma. Am Surg 66:998–1003.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Quadros CA, Lopes A, Araujo I et al (2008) Upstaging benefits and accuracy of sentinel lymph node mapping in colorectal adenocarcinoma nodal staging. J Surg Oncol 98(5):324–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Bembenek A, Schneider U, Gretschel S et al (2005) Optimization of staging in colon cancer using sentinel lymph node biopsy. Chirurg 76(1):58–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Wood T, Saha S, Morton D et al (2001) Validation of lymphatic mapping in colorectal cncer: in vivo, ex vivo, and laparoscopic techniques. Dis Colon Rectum 8:150–157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carmen Balagué .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Balagué, C., Pallarés, J.L. (2013). Preoperative and Intraoperative Lymphatic Mapping for Radioguided Sentinel Node Biopsy in Cancers of the Gastrointestinal Tract. In: Mariani, G., Manca, G., Orsini, F., Vidal-Sicart, S., Valdés Olmos, R.A. (eds) Atlas of Lymphoscintigraphy and Sentinel Node Mapping. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2766-4_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2766-4_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-2765-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2766-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics