Abstract
At the end of the 19th century, Stephen Paget and Theodore Billroth affirmed the unprofessional and unethical nature of the surgical approach to the human heart, with cardiac surgeons “losing the respect of their colleagues”. 9 September 1896 is thus frequently not universally considered the birth of cardiac surgery, with the first successful repair of a right ventricular stab wound by Ludwig Rehn, a German surgeon. Lillehei and colleagues noted that “the outer wall of the living human heart represented a seemingly impenetrable anatomical barrier to the surgeon’s knife”. The challenge for the cardiac surgeons was to cross this barrier. The conquest of aortic valve surgery was carried out step by step: a blind approach first, followed a few years later by plasties under direct vision (allowed owing to techniques of hypothermia and bicaval clamping), leading to the avanguardist concept of aortic valve prosthesis implanted without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) by Hufnagel. Nowadays, trans-arterial aortic valve implantation is performed by the HEART TEAM, an association of surgeons, interventional cardiologists, echocardiographists and anaesthesiologists in a hybrid operating theatre.
On ne connaît pas complètement une science tant qu’on n’en sait pas l’histoire.
Auguste Comte
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Billroth T (1882) Krankheiten der Brust. In: Pitha and Billroth (eds) Handbuch der allgemeiner und specieller chirurgie III. Emke, Stuttgart, pp 163–164
Rehn L (1907) Zur Chirurgie des Herzens und des Herzenbeutels. Arch Klin Chir 83:723
Lillehei CW, Varco RL, Cohen M, Warden HE, Patton C, Moller JH (1986) The first open-heart repairs of ventricular septal defect, atrio-ventricular communis and tetralogy of Fallot using extra-corporeal circulation by cross-circulation. A 30-year follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg 41:4–21
Brock RC (1951) Discussion on the surgery of the heart and great vessels. Proc R Soc Med 44(12):995–1003
Becker O (1872) Über die Sichtbaren Erscheinungen der Blutbewegen in der menschlichen Netzhaut. Graefes Arch Ophtalmol 18:208
Haecher R (1907) Experimentelle Studien zur Pathologie und Chirurgie des Herzens. Arch Klin Chir 84:1035
Tuffier T (1913) Etat actuel de la chirurgie intra-thoracique. Trans Internat Cong Med London, Sect 17, surg Part 2:246 9,19140
Brock R (1957) Surgical treatment of aortic stenosis. Br Med J 1:1019–1028
Carrel A (1914) Experimental operations on the orifices of the heart. Ann Surg 60:1
Bailey CP, Glover RP, O’Neill TJ, Redondo Ramirez HP (1950) Experiences with the experimental surgical relief of aortic stenosis; a preliminary report. J Thorac Surg 20(4):516–541
Bailey CP, Redondo Ramirez HP, Larzelere HB (1952) Surgical treatment of aortic stenosis. J Am Med Assoc 150(17):1647–1652
Bailey CP (1956) Surgical treatment of aortic stenosis. J Thorac Surg 31:375–441
Smithy HG, Pratt-Thomas HR (1947) Deyerle: experimental aortic valvulotomy: preliminary report. Surg Gynecol Obstet 84:625
Smithy HG, Parker EF (1947) Experimental aortic valvulotomy. Am J Med 3(4):502
Smithy HG, Pratt-Thomas HR, Deyerle HP (1948) Aortic valvulotomy; experimental methods and early results. Surg Gynecol Obstet 86(5):513–523
Smithy HG (1949) Aortic valvulotomy. South Med Surg 111(1):7
Uricchio JF, Litwak R, Cooley D, Goldberg H, Likoff W (1956) A medical appraisal of transaortic commissurotomy. Ann Intern Med 44(5):844–860
Uricchio JF, Bolton HE, Litwak R (1956) The surgical treatment of aortic stenosis. Conn State Med J 20(5):340–344
Uricchio JF (1958) The surgical treatment of mitral and aortic stenosis in patients over 55. Geriatrics 13(5):270–272
Sauerbruck F (1907) Die Verwendbarkeit des Unterdruckverfahrens bei Herzchirurgie. Arch Klin Chir 83:537
Laewen A, Sievers R (1908) Experimentelle Untersuchen über die chirurgish wichtigen Abklemmungen des grossen Gefässe in der Nähe des Herzens. Deutsche Ztschr f Chir 94:580
Bigelow WG, Callaghan JC, Hopps JA (1950) General hypothermia for experimental intra-cardiac surgery: the use of electrophrenic respirations, an artificial pacemaker for cardiac standstill and radio-frequency rewarming in general hypothermia. Ann Surg 132:531–539
Cookson BA, Neptune WB, Bailey CP (1952) Hypothermia as a means of performing intracardiac surgery under direct vision. Dis Chest 22(3):245–260
Bigelow WG (1984) Cold hearts and vital lessons. Closure of atrial septal defects with the aid of hypothermia; experimental accomplishments and the report of one successful case. Am Coll Surg Bull 69(6):12–20
Lewis FJ, Taufic M (1953) A device for the experimental creation of ventricular septal defects; preliminary report. Surgery 33(1):52–59
Taufic M, Lewis FJ (1953) Production and repair of experimental interventricular septal defects under direct vision with the aid of hypothermia. J Thorac Surg 25(4):413–416
Lewis FJ, Taufic M (1953) Closure of atrial septal defects with the aid of hypothermia; experimental accomplishments and the report of one successful case. Surgery 33(1):52–59
Shumway NE, Lewis FJ (1955) Experimental surgery of the mitral valve under direct vision using hypothermia. Surg Forum 5:12–16
Julian LC, Dye WS, Grove WJ (1956) Hypothermia in open heart surgery. Arch Surg 73:493
Swan H, Kortz AB (1956) Direct vision trans-aortic approach to the aortic valve during hypothermia; experimental observations and report of successful clinical case. Ann Surg 144(2):205–214
Swan H, Zeavin I (1954) Cessation of circulation in general hypothermia. III. Technique of intracardiac surgery under direct vision. Ann Surg 139:385
Sarnoff SJ, Donovan TJ, Case RB (1955) The surgical relief of aortic stenosis by means of apical-aortic valvular anastomosis. Circulation 11(4):564–575
Taufic M, Lewis FJ (1953) A technique for bicuspidization of the aortic valve. Surg Forum 4:67–72
Starzi TE, Cruzat EP, Walker BA, Lewis FJ (1959) A technique for bicuspidization of the aortic valve. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 38:262–270
Brock RC (1954) Mechanical principles in the surgery of aortic and mitral incompetence. Br Heart J 16(3):317–323
Küttner H (1923) Chirurgishe Operationslehre, vol 2, 5th edn. Barth, Leipzig
Hufnagel CA, Harvey WP, Rabil PJ, Mc Dermott TF (1989) Surgical correction of aortic insufficiency. Ann Thorac Surg 47:475–476
Fawcett AW, Dhillon BS (1956) Treatment of aortic insufficiency by the Hufnagel valve with four illustrated cases. Postgrad Med J 32:438–443
Hufnagel C, Vilkgas P, Nahas H (1958) Experiences with new types of aortic valvular prostheses. Ann Surg 147(5):636–644
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Glock, Y. (2013). Surgery of the Aortic Valve Before the Era of Cardiopulmonary Bypass. In: Picichè, M. (eds) Dawn and Evolution of Cardiac Procedures. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2400-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2400-7_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-2399-4
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2400-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)