Skip to main content

An Approach to Paraconsistent Multivalued Logic: Evaluation by Complex Truth Values

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
New Directions in Paraconsistent Logic

Abstract

The main purpose of the paper is to connect some kind of dialetheism to the use of complex truth values, with new definitions of basic truth-functional connectives that allow for p, \(\backslash \)not p to both be true. ‘True’ is interpreted as \(\left| p \right| = 1\), ‘False’ as \(\left| p \right| = 0\); other values are dispensed with. New definitions of basic truth-functional connectives then allow for “p and not p” to be true. A propositional logic is discussed with the set of connectives including negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, concordance, discordance, complementary, and equivalence. The authors introduce truth values of propositions, which belong to a subset E, of an uncountable semi-ring F and valuations of propositions, which can be obtained from truth values with the help of a function \(V:E \rightarrow \left[ {0,1} \right] \) satisfying simple properties. Finally, a paraconsistent Boolean logic is introduced.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Arruda, A.I., Chuaqui, R., da Costa, N.C.A. (eds.): Mathematical Logic in Latin America. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford (1980)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Asenjo, F.G.: A calculus of antinomies. Notre Dame J. Form. Log. 7, 103–105 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Avron, A.: Combining classical logic, paraconsistency and relevance. J. Appl. Log. 3(1), 133–160 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Belnap, N.D.: How a computer should think. In: Ryle, G. (ed.) Contemporary Aspects of Philosophy, pp. 30–55. Oriel Press, Boston (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bueno, O.: True, Quasi-true and paraconsistency. Contemp. Math. 39, 275–293 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bueno, O.: Philosophy of logic. In: Allhoff, F. (ed.) Philosophies of the Sciences: a Guide, pp. 55. Wiley (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Carnielli, W.A., Coniglio, M., Lof D’ottaviano, I.M.: Paraconsistency: the Logical Way to the Inconsistent. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Carnielli, W., Marcos, J.: Ex contradictione non sequitur quodlibet. Proceeding of 2nd Conference on Reasoning and Logic. July 2000, Bucharest (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Da Costa, N.C.A., Wolf, R.G.: Studies in Paraconsistent Logic I: the Dialectical Principle of the Unity of Opposites. Philosophia Phil. Q. Israel 9, 189–217 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dunn, J.M.: Intuitive semantics for first-degree entailments and coupled trees. Phil. Stud. 29, 149–168 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Nescolarde-Selva, J., Usó-Doménech, J.L.: Semiotic vision of ideologies. Found. Sci. 19(3), 263–282 (2014). doi:10.1007/s10699-013-9329-8

  12. Nescolarde-Selva, J., Usó-Doménech, J.L.: Reality, Systems and Impure Systems. Found. Sci. 19(3), 289–306. (2014). doi:10.1007/s10699-013-9337-8

  13. Nescolarde-Selva, J., Usó-Doménech, J.: Topological Structures of Complex Belief Systems. Complexity. 19(1), 46–62 (2013). doi:10.1002/cplx.21455

  14. Nescolarde-Selva, J., Usó-Doménech, J.: Topological structures of complex belief systems (ii): textual materialization. 19(2), 50–62 (2013). doi:10.1002/cplx.21476

  15. Priest, G.: In Contradiction. A Study of the Transconsistent, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Priest, G.: Beyond the Limits of Thought. Cambridge University Press (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Priest, G.: Dialetheism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Priest, G., Routley, R., Norman, J. (eds.): Paraconsistent logic. Essays on the Inconsistent. Philosophia Verlag, Munchen, Hamden, Wien (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Quesada F.M.: Paraconsistent logic: some philosophical issues, in: Priest et al., 627–651 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Tanaka, K., Berto, F., Mares, E., Paoli, F. (eds.): Paraconsistency: Logic and Applications. Logic, Epistemology and Unity of Science, vol. 26. Springer Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Usó-Doménech, J.L., Nescolarde-Selva, J.A.: Mathematic and Semiotic Theory of Ideological Systems. A systemic vision of the Beliefs. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken, Germany (2012). ISBN 978-3-8443-9815-1

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Nescolarde-Selva .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Annex A. Truth Table of Principal Normal Binary Propositions

Annex A. Truth Table of Principal Normal Binary Propositions

We will represent in the following table a comparison between three logics: classical (CL), quasi-paraconsistent (QPL), and strong paraconsistent (SPL) (Table 6.4).

Table 6.4 Truth table of principal normal binary propositions

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer India

About this paper

Cite this paper

Nescolarde-Selva, J., Usó-Doménech, J.L., Alonso-Stenberg, K. (2015). An Approach to Paraconsistent Multivalued Logic: Evaluation by Complex Truth Values. In: Beziau, JY., Chakraborty, M., Dutta, S. (eds) New Directions in Paraconsistent Logic. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, vol 152. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2719-9_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics