Skip to main content

The Design and Fabrication of High Efficiency Low Beam Divergence 850 nm VCSELs for High Capacity Optical Transmission

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 348))

  • 2376 Accesses

Abstract

High-capacity transmission laser is essential for increasing information transmission and improving digital applications. The future high-capacity, short-reach data-communication links require 850 nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) in virtue of such benefits as low threshold current, high modulation bandwidth, good circular beam quality, cost-effective fabrication, and low power consumption. In this paper, top-emitting, high-speed, oxide-confined 850 nm VCSELs were designed, fabricated, and characterized. Compared with the traditional GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well (QW) structure, we illustrated the differential gain coefficient increased with optimized InGaAs/AlGaAs QW from the simulation results of Cross-light software; Micro-cavity structure consisting of a modulation-gradients distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is designed and optimized; then the influences on threshold current and differential resistance of oxide-aperture were investigated; Finally, voltage and output power against bias current, spot, and beam divergence angles were measured and analyzed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Westbergh, P., Gustavsson, J.S., Haglund, J.S., Joel, M.S., Larsson, A.: High speed, low current density 850 nm VCSELs. IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 15(3), 694–703 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. AL-Omari, A.N., AL-Kofahi, I.K., Lear, K.L.: Fabrication, performance and parasitic parameter extraction of 850 nm high-speed vertical-cavity lasers. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 24, 095024 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Healy, S.B., O’Reilly, E.P., Gustavsson, J.S., Westbergh, P., Haglund, Å., Larsson, A., Joel, A.: Active region design for high-speed 850-nm VCSELs IEEE J. Quantum Electron (0018–9197) 46(4), 506–512 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bimberg, D., Larisch, G., Moser, P., Wolf, P., Hui Li, Lott, J.A.: Energy-efficient, temperature stable, high data rate VCSELs for optical interconnects. In: 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), pp. 1–4 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Shi, J.-W., Chi, K.-L., Chang, Zhi-Rui Wei, J.-H., Jiang, J.-W., Yang, Y.-J.: Single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser array with high power and narrow far-field divergence angle. Photonics J. IEEE 5(6), 1502508–1502508 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Westbergh, P., Gustavsson, J.S., Kogel, B., Haglund, A., Larsson, A., Mutig, A., Nadtochiy, A., Bimberg, D., Joel, A.: 40 Gbit/sec error-free operation of oxide-confined VCSEL. Electron. Letts. 46(14), 1014–1016 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Satuby, Y., Orenstein, M.: Mode-coupling effects on small-signal modulation of multitransverse-mode vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35(6), 944–954 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Khan, N.A., Schires, K., Hurtado, A., Henning, I.D., Adams, M.J.: Measurement of Temperature-Dependent Relaxation Oscillation Frequency and Linewidth Enhancement Factor of a 1550 nm VCSEL. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 49(11), 990–996 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guojun Liu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer India

About this paper

Cite this paper

Liu, P. et al. (2016). The Design and Fabrication of High Efficiency Low Beam Divergence 850 nm VCSELs for High Capacity Optical Transmission. In: Zeng, QA. (eds) Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 348. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2580-5_68

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2580-5_68

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi

  • Print ISBN: 978-81-322-2579-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-81-322-2580-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics