Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nutritional Disorders of Citrus and Their Management

  • Chapter
Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Plant Diseases

  • 1701 Accesses

Abstract

Fruit trees and crop plants suffer from nutritional disorders. Nutritional disorders are a result of inadequate supply or excess of desired minerals/fertilizer. The term macro- and micronutrients are used to denote collectively group of mineral/nutritional chemical elements, which are indispensable for optimal growth and which plants absorb primarily through roots. Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium requiring larger quantity are known as macronutrients, while calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum, sulphur, etc., are known as micronutrients and require in smaller amounts. Deficiency of minerals, viz. macronutrients and micronutrients, results in disorders in plant metabolism, and plants express hunger signs, viz. chlorosis, leaf spot, leaf blotch, leaf blight, dieback, reduced growth of tree, poor fruit quality and decreased number of fruits in citrus tree. Excess of mineral disturbs nutritional balance which is most necessary for the proper metabolism in citrus tree. If the supply of minerals is high, trees show toxicity symptoms. Deficiencies and excesses of these minerals also reduce resistance of plants to fungal, bacterial and other diseases (Singh 1983).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alvs AK, Tucker DPH (1992) Foliar application of various sources of iron, manganese and zinc to citrus. Proc Fla State Hortic Soc 105:70–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhargava BS, Raghupathi HB, Dohroo NP, Bharat NK, Nayar S (2000) Nutrient deficiency and toxicity disorders in tropical and subtropical fruits. In: Gupta VK, Sharma SK (eds) Diseases of fruit crops. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, pp 283–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown JC (1956) Iron chlorosis. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 7:171–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buckman HO, Brady NC (1969) The nature and properties of soil. MacMillan Co., New York, pp 395–397, 504–523

    Google Scholar 

  • Camp AP, Fudge BR (1939) Some symptoms of citrus malnutrition in Florida. Florida Agricultural. Stn Bull: 335

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickey RD, Drosdoff M, Hamilton J (1948) Copper deficiency of tung in Florida. Fla Agric Exp Stn Bull 447:1–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Embleton T, Jones W, Reiz H (1967a) Citrus fertilization. In: Reuther W, Webber HJ, Batchelor LD (eds) Citrus industry, vol 3. University of California, Berkeley, pp 122–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Embleton T, Jones W, Labanauskas C, Reuther W (1967b) Leaf analysis as a diagnostic tool and guide to fertilization. In: Reather W, Webber HJ, Batchelo LD (eds) Citrus industry, vol 3. University of California, Berkeley, pp 183–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Embleton TWH, Reitz HJ, Jones WW (1973) Citrus fertilization. In: Recther W (ed) Citrus industry, vol 3. University of California Division of Agricultural Science, Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  • Floyd BF (1977) Dieback or exanthema of citrus tree. Proc.Fla Fr Gr Assoc (Jan) as cited by H.H. Hume (1900). Fla Agric Exp Stn Bull 53:157

    Google Scholar 

  • Glendining JS (1999) Australian soil fertility manual. CSIRO, Collingwood

    Google Scholar 

  • Haas ARC (1945) Boron in citrus tree. Plant Physiol 20:323–343

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen KR, Price GH (1978) The citrus leaf and soil analysis system in queens land. In: Proceeding of the international society of Citriculture, Singapore, p 297

    Google Scholar 

  • Knorr LC (1973) Citrus diseases and disorders. University press of Florida, Gainesville, pp 26–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Koo RCJ (1983) Recommended fertilizers and nutritional spray for citrus. Fla Agric Exp Stn Bull, 536 D, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Malavolta E, Netto AV (1989) Nutricao mineral, calagem, cessageme adubcao dos citros. Associacoa Brasileria para pesquisa da potasa do fosfato, Piracicada, S.P. Brazil

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehrotra RS (1999) Plant pathology. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd, New Delhi, pp 750–753

    Google Scholar 

  • Mooney PA, Richardson A, Harty AR (1991) Citrus nitrogen nutrition – a fundamental approach. N.Z. kerikeri Horticultural Research Station, Citrus Research Seminar, June 1991, pp 69–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajput CBS, Haribabu R (1985) Citriculture. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, pp 273–355

    Google Scholar 

  • Saha LR (2002) Hand book of plant diseases. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, pp 290–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh RS (1983) Plant diseases. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, pp 552–553

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith PF (1966) Leaf analysis of citrus. In: Childers NF (ed) Temperate and tropical fruit nutrition. Horticulture Publication, Rutgers-The state university, New Brunswick, pp 208–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith PF, Reuther W (1949) Observation on boron deficiency in citrus. Proc Fla State Hortic Soc 62:31–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprague HB (1964) Hunger signs in crops, 3rd ed. Darid McKay Co. Inc, New York, 61 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Tisdale SL, Nelsomn WL (1975) Soil fertility and fertilizer. Mac Million Publishing Co., New York, pp 300–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace A, Lunt OR (1960) Iron chlorosis in horticulture plants – a review. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 75:819–841

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walter R, Embleton TW, Jones WW (1958) Mineral nutrition in tree crops. Ann Rev Plant Physiol. University of California, Citrus experiment station Bull, 9, p 6

    Google Scholar 

  • Weir RG, Sarooshi R (1991) Citrus nutrition. Agric Fact H.2.3.11: N SWDPI

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M (1994) Assessment of fertilizer needs. Citrus Ind 75(9):30

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M (1995a) Nutritional deficiencies in citrus trees. I. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Citrus Ind 76(8):58–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M (1995b) Nutritional deficiencies in citrus trees. II. Calcium, magnesium and sulphur. Citrus Ind 76(9):19–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M (1995c) Nutritional deficiencies in citrus trees. III. Iron, Zinc and manganese. Citrus Ind 76(10):16–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M (1995d) Nutritional deficiencies in citrus trees. IV. Boron, copper, molybdenum and chlorine. Citrus Ind 76(11):34–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M (1996) Several disorders in citrus trees. Citrus Ind 77(2):18–20, 53

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M (1999) Citrus fertilizer management. Citrus Veg Mag 63(9):28–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M (2002a) Fertilizer management and nutrition of citrus trees. Citrus Ind 83(12):29–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M (2002b) Micronutrients in citrus nutrition. Citrus Ind 83(40):21–23, 32

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M (2003) Guidelines for fertilizer programme in citrus. Citrus Veg Mag 67(8):56–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M (2004) Citrus nutrition in relation to soil acidity and calcareous soils. Citrus Ind 85(40):21–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M, Obreza TA (2003) Essential micronutrients for citrus. Functions, deficiency. Symptoms and correction. In: Futch SH (ed) Nutrient management for optimum citrus tree growth and yield short courses. University of Florida, Lake Alfred, pp 17–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Zekri M, Obreza TA (2004) Plant nutrients for citrus trees. Citrus Veg Mag 68(10):17–20

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India

    J. N. Srivastava, Upma Dutta & Rakesh Kumar

  2. National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau Nath Bhanjan, U. P., India

    P. K. Sharma

  3. Programme Coordinator R.D.S.KVK, Pratapgarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India

    A. K. Srivastava

Authors
  1. J. N. Srivastava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. K. Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Upma Dutta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. K. Srivastava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rakesh Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. N. Srivastava .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    L. P. Awasthi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer India

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Srivastava, J.N., Sharma, P.K., Dutta, U., Srivastava, A.K., Kumar, R. (2015). Nutritional Disorders of Citrus and Their Management. In: Awasthi, L.P. (eds) Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Plant Diseases. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2571-3_21

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation