Abstract
Noble metal nanoparticles possess unique size-dependent electronic and optical characteristics and are one of the foremost ‘building blocks’ for nanostructured device fabrication. As such, there is considerable interest in developing continuous-flow processes for large-scale synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles. In this chapter, we describe the results of our work aimed at understanding key process variables that determine particle size distribution in two popular protocols used for lab-scale synthesis of gold and silver colloids. Our understanding of the importance of aggregation and role of the pH of precursor solutions in determining the kinetics and stability of colloidal sols enabled us to propose suitable modifications in process conditions that enabled scalable synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. These insights also led to the development of a novel route for low-cost fabrication of silver nanostructures on paper using an inkjet printer.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pitkethly MJ (2004) Nanomaterials–the driving force. Mater Today 7:20–29
Ghosh P, Han G, De M, Kim CK, Rotello VM (2008) Gold nanoparticles in delivery applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:1307–1315
Muralidharan G, Bhat N, Santhanam V (2011) Scalable processes for fabricating non-volatile memory devices using self-assembled 2D arrays of gold nanoparticles as charge storage nodes. Nanoscale 3:4575–4579
Brown C, Bushell G, Whitehouse M, Agrawal DS, Tupe SG, Paknikar KM, Tiekink E (2007) Nanogoldpharmaceutics. Gold Bull 40:245–250
Wilson R (2008) The use of gold nanoparticles in diagnostics and detection. Chem Soc Rev 37:2028–2045
Santhanam V, Andres RP (2009) Metal nanoparticles: self-assembly into electronic nanostructures. In: Contescu CI, Putyera K (eds) Dekker encyclopedia of nanoscience and nanotechnology, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 2079–2090
Feldheim DL, Colby AF Jr (2001) Metal nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and applications. CRC Press, New York
Thompson D (2007) Michael Faraday’s recognition of ruby gold: the birth of modern nanotechnology. Gold Bull 40:267–269
Weiser HB (1933) Inorganic colloid chemistry. Wiley, New York
Slot JW, Geuze HJ (1985) A new method of preparing gold probes for multiple-labeling cytochemistry. Eur J Cell Biol 38:87–93
Frens G (1973) Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in monodisperse gold suspensions. Nat Phys Sci 241:20–22
Turkevich J (1951) A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold. Discuss Faraday Soc 11:55–75
Perala SRK, Kumar S (2013) On the mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis in Brust-Schiffrin method. Langmuir 29:9863–9873
Hutchison JE (2008) Greener nanoscience: a proactive approach to advancing applications and reducing implications of nanotechnology. ACS Nano 2:395–402
Dykman LA, Bogatyrev VA (2007) Gold nanoparticles: preparation, functionalisation and applications in biochemistry and immunochemistry. Russ Chem Rev 76:181–194
Ostwald CWW (1917) An introduction to theoretical and applied colloid chemistry. Wiley, New York
Mühlpfordt H (1982) The preparation of colloidal gold particles using tannic acid as an additional reducing agent. Experientia 38:1127–1128
Bulut E, Özacar M (2009) Rapid, facile synthesis of silver nanostructure using hydrolyzable tannin. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:5686–5690
Tian X, Wang W, Cao G (2007) A facile aqueous-phase route for the synthesis of silver nanoplates. Mater Lett 61:130–133
Sivaraman SK, Elango I, Kumar S, Santhanam V (2009) A green protocol for room temperature synthesis of silver nanoparticles in seconds. Curr Sci India 97:1055–1059
Cruz BH, Díaz‐Cruz JM, Ariño C, Esteban M (2000) Heavy metal binding by tannic acid: a voltammetric study. Electroanalysis 12:1130–1137
Bors W, Foo LY, Hertkorn N, Michel C, Stettmaier K (2001) Chemical studies of proanthocyanidins and hydrolyzable tannins. Antioxid Redox Signal 3:995–1008
Martinez-Castanon G, Nino-Martinez N, Martinez-Gutierrez F, Martinez-Mendoza J, Ruiz F (2008) Synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles with different sizes. J Nanopart Res 10:1343–1348
Liu J, Qin G, Raveendran P, Ikushima Y (2006) Facile “green” synthesis, characterization, and catalytic function of β‐D‐glucose‐stabilized au nanocrystals. Chem Eur J 12:2131–2138
Belloni J (2006) Nucleation, growth and properties of nanoclusters studied by radiation chemistry: application to catalysis. Catal Today 113:141–156
Sivaraman SK, Kumar S, Santhanam V (2010) A room temperature synthesis of gold nanoparticles: size control by slow addition. Gold Bull 43:275–286
Sivaraman SK, Kumar S, Santhanam V (2011) Monodisperse sub-10 nm gold nanoparticles by reversing the order of addition in Turkevich method – the role of chloroauric acid. J Colloid Interface Sci 361:543–547
Kumar S, Gandhi KS, Kumar R (2007) Modeling of formation of gold nanoparticles by citrate method. Ind Eng Chem Res 46:3128–3136
Kumar S, Bhat V, Vinoy KJ, Santhanam V (2013) Using an office inkjet printer to define the formation of copper films on paper. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 13:160–164
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge support from IRHPA scheme of DST. We also acknowledge the inputs of our students, project assistants and collaborators over the last 6 years. Excerpts have been reprinted with permission from Elsevier and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer India
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Santhanam, V. (2015). Scalable Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles. In: Joshi, Y., Khandekar, S. (eds) Nanoscale and Microscale Phenomena. Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2289-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2289-7_4
Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-2288-0
Online ISBN: 978-81-322-2289-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)