Abstract
This chapter presents a review of the literature about the term strategic flexibility. It analyzes various components and definitions of strategic flexibility and concludes by defining the term. Using previous research about strategic flexibility, this article discusses the many components and definitions of strategic flexibility. Rather surprisingly, strategic flexibility has been considered by research in a variety of academic disciplines such as strategic management, economics, organization, theory, and marketing, and therefore, there is a diverse array of views about how to define this term. Strategic flexibility is often discussed “alongside” such terms as strategic choice, strategic maneuverability, and strategic options. This chapter found that previous research had developed “operationalized” definitions based upon the specific needs of their studies. Consequently, there has not been a “proven,” agreed definition of strategic flexibility. It is suggested that this chapter adds to our general understanding of the term by advancing a general definition of strategic flexibility.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aaker DA, Mascarenhas B (1984) The need for strategic flexibility. J Bus Strategy 5(2):74–83
Achrol RS, Kotler P (1999) Marketing in the network economy. J Market 63:146–164
Anderson G (1985) Planning for restructured competition. Long Range Plann 18(1):21–29
Ansoff I (1965) Corporate strategy. McGraw-Hill, New York
Bahrami H (1992) The emerging flexible organization: perspectives from Silicon Valley. Calif Manage Rev 34(4):33–52
Barney JB (1991) Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. J Manage 17(1):99–120
Barney JB (2001) Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: a ten year retrospective on the resource-based view. J Manage 27(6):643–650
Buckley A (1997) Valuing tactical and strategic flexibility. J Gen Manage 22(3):74–79
Buckley PJ, Casson MC (1998) Models of the multinational enterprise. J Int Bus Stud 29(1):21–44
Burnes B (1992) Managing change: a strategic approach to organizational development and renewal. Pitman Publishing, London
Combe IA, Greenley GE (2004) Capabilities for strategic flexibility: a cognitive content framework. Eur J Mark 38(11/12):1456–1480
Das TK, Elango B (1995) Managing strategic flexibility: key to effective performance. J Gen Manage 20(3):60–75
Eppink DJ (1978) Planning for strategic flexibility. Long Range Plann 11(4):9–15
Evans JS (1991) Strategic flexibility for high technology manoeuvres: a conceptual framework. J Manage Stud 28(1):69–89
Galbraith CS (1990) Transferring core manufacturing technologies in high-technology firms. Calif Manage Rev 32(4):56
Genus A (1995) Walls and bridges: towards a multi-disciplinary approach to the concept of flexibility. Technol Anal Strateg Manage 7(3):287–306
Gotcher JW (1977) Strategic planning in European multinationals. Long Range Plann, London 10(5):7–13
Grewal R, Tansuhaj P (2001) Building organizational capabilities for managing economic crisis: the role of market orientation and strategic flexibility. J Mark 65(April):67–80
Harrigan KR (1985) Strategic flexibility: the economics of strategic planning. Lexington Books, Lexington
Harrigan KR (1986) Matching vertical integration strategies to competitive conditions. Strateg Manage J 7:535–555
Hayes RH, Pisano GP (1994) Beyond world class: the new manufacturing strategy. Harv Bus Rev 72(1):77–84
Hitt MA, Keats BW, DeMarrie SM (1998) Navigating in the new competitive landscape: building strategic flexibility and competitive advantage in the 21st century. Acad Manage Exec 12(4):22–42
Johnson JL, Lee RP, Saini A, Grohmann B (2003) Market- focused strategic flexibility: conceptual advances and an integrative model. J Acad Mark 31(1):74–89
Klingen DJS (1975) Company strategy: a managerial approach. Saxon House, Westmead
Kogut B (1985) Designing global strategies: profiting from operational flexibility. Sloan Manage Rev 27(1):27–38
Lau RSM (1996) Strategic flexibility: a new reality for world-class manufacturing. SAM Adv Manage J 61(5):11–15
Lei D, Hitt MA, Goldhar JD (1996) Advanced manufacturing technology: organizational design and strategic flexibility. Organ Stud 17(3):501
Matusik SF, Hill CWL (1998) The utilization of contingent work, knowledge creation, and competitive advantage. Acad Manage Rev 23(4):680–697
Nadkarni S, Narayanan VK (2004) Strategy frames, strategic flexibility and firm performance: the moderating role of industry clockspeed. Academy of Management Proceedings, New Orleans
Parnell JA (1994) Strategic consistency versus flexibility: does strategic change really enhance performance? Am Bus Rev 12(2):22–29
Parnell JA (2003) Five critical challenges in strategy making. SAM Adv Manage J 68(2):15–22
Pauwels P, Matthyssens P (2004) Strategic flexibility in export expansion: growing through withdrawal. Int Mark Rev 21(4/5):496–510
Porter M (1980) Competitive strategy: techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. The Free Press, New York
Porter M (1985) Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance. The Free Press, New York
Prahalad CKAHG (1990) The core competence of the corporation. Harv Bus Rev 68(3):79–91
Raynor ME, Leroux X (2004) Strategic flexibility in R&D. Res Technol Manage 47(3):27–32
Sanchez R (1995) Strategic flexibility in product competition. Strateg Manage J 16:135–159
Sanchez R, Heene A (1997) Strategic learning and knowledge management. Wiley, Chichester
Schilling MA, Steensma HK (2001) The use of modular organizational forms: an industry-level analysis. Acad Manage J 44(6):1149–1168
Shimizu K, Hitt MA (2004) Strategic flexibility: organizational preparedness to reverse ineffective strategic decisions. Acad Manage Exec 18(4):44–59
Slack N (1983) Flexibility as a manufacturing objective. Int J Oper Prod Manag 3(3):4–13
Teece DJ, Pisano G, Shuen A (1997) Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strateg Manage J 18(7):509–533
Upton DM (1995) Flexibility as process mobility: the management of plant capabilities for quick response manufacturing. J Oper Manag 12(3, 4):205–224
Volberda HW (1996) Towards the flexible form: how to remain vital in hypercompetitive environments. Organ Sci 7(4):359–387
Volberda HW (1998) Building the flexible firm: how to remain competitive. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
Volberda HW, Rutges A (1999) FARSYS: a knowledge-based system for managing strategic change. Decis Support Syst 26(2):99–123
Worren N, Moore K, Cardona P (2002) Modularity, strategic flexibility and firm performance: a study of the home appliance industry. Strateg Manage J 23(12):1123–1140
Young-Ybarra C, Wiersema M (1999) Strategic flexibility in information technology alliances: the influence of transaction cost economics and social exchange theory. Organ Sci 10(4):439–459
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer India
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Roberts, N., Stockport, G.J. (2014). Defining Strategic Flexibility. In: Sushil, Stohr, E.A. (eds) The Flexible Enterprise. Flexible Systems Management. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1560-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1560-8_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-1559-2
Online ISBN: 978-81-322-1560-8
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsBusiness and Management (R0)